Acetate circumvents impaired metabolic switch in skeletal muscle of letrozole-induced PCOS rat model by suppression of PDK4/NLRP3

Arachidonic acid inhibit granulosa cell function by affecting metabolic function of liver in brown adipose transplantation rats

“…As a classical endocrine hormone and an autocrine factor, FGF21 transduces FGF signals to mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades, leads to the recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, then increases glucose uptake in adipose tissue [ 21 ]. Human serum FGF21 levels also correlate positively with body mass index, as evidenced by the significantly increased level of serum FGF21 in obese patients and the increased levels of these factors may be a compensatory mechanism that maintains normal glucose and lipid metabolism [ 13 ], our results were consistent with Kehinde’s and Huang’s research [ 22 , 23 ]. Pyruvate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 4 (PDK4) which serves as an adaptor of hepatocyte metabolism, inhibition reprograms glucose and lipid metabolism by enhancing hepatic protein kinase B signaling and activating an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/forkhead box protein O1/CD36 regulatory axis of lipid [ 24 ].…”

Berberine interacts with gut microbiota and its potential therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome

“…Olaniyi et al suggested that acetate inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and histone deacetylase in letrozole‐induced rats. This could ameliorate impaired glucose oxidation and lipid deposition with a reduction of inflammatory response in skeletal muscle 76 . Moreover, NF‐κB‐dependent oxidative stress and immunoreactivity were attenuated by acetate to protect against renal dysfunction and cardiovascular risk complicated by PCOS 77,78 …”

“…This could ameliorate impaired glucose oxidation and lipid deposition with a reduction of inflammatory response in skeletal muscle. 76 Moreover, NF-κBdependent oxidative stress and immunoreactivity were attenuated by acetate to protect against renal dysfunction and cardiovascular risk complicated by PCOS. 77,78 4.2.2 | Berberine may regulate bile acid-associated bacteria to improve polycystic ovary syndrome (Figure 2)…”