Acetate Metabolism in Ruminant Tissues

Ed, Mayfield; Bensadoun, André; Bc, Johnson

doi:10.1093/jn/89.2.189

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Acetate plays an important role in human and rodent energy metabolism and it is readily taken up by skeletal muscle [1][2][3] (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incorporation of 13 C into acetylcarnitine has been reported after the infusion of hyperpolarized 13 C acetate [25] and after the injection of [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]pyruvate [26,27]. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the enzyme kinetics involved in the in vivo transformation of acetate to acetylcarnitine in rat skeletal muscle, by extracting quantitative kinetic rate constants from the observed [1- 13 C] acetylcarnitine labeling dynamics following the infusion of different substrate concentrations of hyperpolarized [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]acetate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aim of the present study was to elucidate the enzyme kinetics involved in the in vivo transformation of acetate to acetylcarnitine in rat skeletal muscle, by extracting quantitative kinetic rate constants from the observed [1- 13 C] acetylcarnitine labeling dynamics following the infusion of different substrate concentrations of hyperpolarized [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] C]acetate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

Bastiaansen

Tian

Mishkovsky

et al. 2013

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oC]acetylcarnitine were recorded in vivo for 1 min. The kinetic rate constants related to the transformation of acetate into acetylcarnitine were deduced from the 3 s time resolution measurements using two approaches, either mathematical modeling or relative metabolite ratios. Conclusions: The conversion rates from hyperpolarized acetate into acetylcarnitine were quantified in vivo and, although separated by two enzymatic reactions, these rates uniquely defined the activity of ACS. The conversion rates associated with ACS were obtained using two analytical approaches, both methods yielding similar results. General significance: This study demonstrates the feasibility of directly measuring ACS activity in vivo and, since the activity of ACS can be affected by various pathological states such as cancer or diabetes, the proposed method could be used to non-invasively probe metabolic signatures of ACS in diseased tissue.

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“…Acetate plays an important role in human and rodent energy metabolism and it is readily taken up by skeletal muscle [1][2][3] (see Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

Bastiaansen

Tian

Mishkovsky

et al. 2013

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects

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“…The results may be explained in part by the results of Mayfield, Bensadoun & Johnson (1966), who showed that the relative rate of 14C02 production from [I -14C]acetate by ruminant tissues decreased in the following order: adipose, kidney, muscle, heart, lung, brain, liver. It is possible that glucose and acetate were metabolized by different tissues, and that cellular uptake or protein synthesis per unit of energy in these tissues was not equal.…”

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confidence: 94%

Intravenous energy infusion in lambs: effects on nitrogen retentin, plasma free amino acids and plasma urea nitrogen

1974

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I. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and glucose w-ere each administered intravenously (2.09 M J (0.5 Mcal)/d) to lambs on either high-concentrate (HC) or high-roughage (HR) diets in two experiments with 4 x 4 Latin square design. During a control period all animals received a saline infusion. 2.In lambs on the HC diet glucose was the most effective metabolite tested for improving nitrogen retention. Acetate was 5 I yo, butyrate, 75 yo, propionate, 90 yo as effective as glucose in promoting N retention. Propionate infusion was most effective in increasing N retention in lambs on the HR diet. Acetate was 60 %, butyrate, 75 ?A, and glucose, 80 "/o as effective as propionate. Glucose infusion did not lower plasma urea N (PUN) concentration in lambs receiving the HC diet, but the three volatile fatty acids (VFA) did lower it ( I ' < 0.01). All energy sources significantly reduced the PUN concentrations with the HR diet, but differences between sources were not significant.3. Plasma concentrations of valine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine were depressed to 57,71,89 and go % of their control values during glucose, propionate, butyrate and acetate infusion. Plasma concentrations of lysme and methionme were significantly decreased from control values ( P < 0.05) but there was no significant difference between energy sources.Lysine, valine, isoleucine and leucme were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in lambs given the HR diet than in lambs given the HC diet. The concentration of alanine was greater ( P < 0.05) during glucose infusion than during acetate and butyrate infusions, indicating net synthesis of alanine and possibly other non-essential amino acids during glucose infusion, since the plasma free amino acid N concentration increased despite decreased concentrations of plasma essential amino acids during glucose infusion. 4. The results indicated that glucose and propionate were superior to acetate and butyrate as energy sources for protein formation.5 . The poor relationship between PUN and N balance and plasma free cssential amino acids suggested that P U N concentration may have been inappropriate to assess the protein status under some dietary conditions. The three major volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced by rumen fermentation have not been widely investigated as sources of energy in protein synthesis in Iambs. Rook, Balch, Campling & Fisher (1963) and Orskov & Allen (1966) found no significant differences between the effects of the three major VFA on nitrogen retention when they were infused into the rumen or given as their salts in the food. Eskeland, Preston & Pfander (1971) and Eskeland, Pfander & Preston (1973) found that propionate promoted a higher N retention than butyrate, and acetate was the least effective when the respective energy sources were administered intravenously on an isoenergetic basis. All VFA were utilized less efficiently than glucose.The free amino acid concentration in blood of simple-stomached animals has been

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“…However, the ruminal concentration for individual VFA likely would be altered by increasing the acetate to propionate ratio with increasing corn silage inclusion (NDF:starch) (Murphy et al 1982;Fahey and Berger 1988;France and Dijkstra 1993). The liver metabolizes small but significant amounts of acetate (Mayfield et al 1966). As a result, liver cell proliferation and cell size might be influenced by changes in workload partly associated with acetate metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Wang¹,

Wood²,

Martin³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na / K -ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 503Á512. Twenty-four steers (initial body weight 053595.0 kg) predominately of Angus breeding were used to determine the effect of dietary corn silage inclusion [20, 40, 60, or 80% of dry matter (DM)] on visceral mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na ' /K ' -ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitin. Steers were fed at similar energy levels (2.1 )NE m requirement). There were no significant treatment effects on specific visceral organ weights. Hepatic Na ' /K ' -ATPase expression linearly increased (P00.01) and ruminal Na ' /K ' -ATPase expression linearly decreased (P 00.01) with increasing corn silage inclusion. Hepatic PCNA expression was quadratically affected (P00.05) with a decrease when corn silage inclusion increased from 20 to 60%, and an increase when corn silage inclusion increased from 60 to 80%. Renal ATP synthase (P00.02) and ubiquitin expression (P00.01) were quadratically affected in a similar pattern with an increase when corn silage inclusion increased from 20 to 60%, and a decrease when corn silage inclusion increased from 60 to 80%. These results indicate that different dietary corn silage inclusions, at similar dietary energy intake, may alter rumen, liver, and kidney energy expenditure, at least in part, through changes in specific metabolism rather than mass. Incidence de l'inclusion d'ensilage de maı¨s sur la masse des visce`res, la cellularite´ainsi que l'expression de l'ATP synthe´tase, de la Na /K -ATPase, du PCNA et de l'ubiquitine dans les prote´ines chez les bouvillons d'engrais. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 503Á512. Vingt-quatre bouvillons (poids corporel initial 0 535 9 5,0 kg) essentiellement de race Angus ont servi ap re´ciser les effets de l'inclusion de maı¨s d'ensilage dans les aliments (20, 40, 60 ou 80 % de la matie`re se`che) sur la masse des visce`res, sur la cellularite´, et sur l'expression de l'ATP synthe´tase, de la Na ' /K ' -ATPase, du PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) et de l'ubiquitine dans les prote´ines. Les bouvillons ont rec¸u la meˆme quantite´d'e´nergie (2,1 )NE m ). Le traitement n'a eu aucun effet significatif sur le poids des visce`res. L'expression de la Na ' /K ' -ATPase augmente line´airement dans le foie (P 0 0,01) et diminue line´airement dans le rumen (P 0 0,01) avec la hausse de la concentration de maı¨s d'ensilage. L'expression du PCNA dans le foie diminue de manie`re quadratique (P 0 0,05) quand la proportion d'ensilage de maı¨s passe de 20 % a`60 %, mais elle augmente lorsque la quantite´de maı¨s passe de 60 % a`80 %. L'expression de l'ATP synthe´tase (P 0 0,02) et de l'ubiquitine (P 0 0,01) dans les reins augmente elle aussi de manie`re quadratique quand la proportion de maı¨s d'ensilage passe de 20 % a`60 %, tandis qu'elle diminue quand la quantite´de maı¨s passe de 60...

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Acetate Metabolism in Ruminant Tissues

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

Intravenous energy infusion in lambs: effects on nitrogen retentin, plasma free amino acids and plasma urea nitrogen

Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

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Acetate Metabolism in Ruminant Tissues

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

In vivo enzymatic activity of acetylCoA synthetase in skeletal muscle revealed by 13C turnover from hyperpolarized [1-13C]acetate to [1-13C]acetylcarnitine

Intravenous energy infusion in lambs: effects on nitrogen retentin, plasma free amino acids and plasma urea nitrogen

Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

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Effect of dietary corn silage inclusion on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers