Acetic acid enhances endurance capacity of exercise-trained mice by increasing skeletal muscle oxidative properties

Pan, Jeong Hoon; Kim, Jun Ho; Kim, Hyung Min; Lee, Eui Seop; Shin, Dong‐Hoon; Kim, Seongpil; Shin, Minkyeong; Kim, Sang Ho; Lee, Jin Hyup; Kim, Young Jun

doi:10.1080/09168451.2015.1034652

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, other fibrolytic bacteria like Fibrobacter along with the Treponema , a hydrogen utilizing microorganism that work with fibrolytic bacteria 23 , were much higher in community type 1 compared to type 2 and were in line with results from other studies 40 , suggesting that the community type 1 harbored less complex but more specialized microbiota to produce acetate as a mean of maintaining the energy supply as the glucose concentrations fell during the race. Pan and colleagues 41 showed that acetic acid enhanced endurance performance in exercise-trained mice by inducing enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology

Plancade

Clark

Philippe

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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An integrated analysis of gut microbiota, blood biochemical and metabolome in 52 endurance horses was performed. Clustering by gut microbiota revealed the existence of two communities mainly driven by diet as host properties showed little effect. Community 1 presented lower richness and diversity, but higher dominance and rarity of species, including some pathobionts. Moreover, its microbiota composition was tightly linked to host blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism and glycolysis at basal time. Despite the lower fiber intake, community type 1 appeared more specialized to produce acetate as a mean of maintaining the energy supply as glucose concentrations fell during the race. On the other hand, community type 2 showed an enrichment of fibrolytic and cellulolytic bacteria as well as anaerobic fungi, coupled to a higher production of propionate and butyrate. The higher butyrate proportion in community 2 was not associated with protective effects on telomere lengths but could have ameliorated mucosal inflammation and oxidative status. The gut microbiota was neither associated with the blood biochemical markers nor metabolome during the endurance race, and did not provide a biomarker for race ranking or risk of failure to finish the race.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology

Plancade

Clark

Philippe

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…We have shown that bilirubin activation of PPARα induces mitochondrial function [ 20 ], and that mice with the loss of BVRA have reduced mitochondrial function [ 38 ]. Therefore, we measured citric acid and acetic acid in the HCR and LCR rats, two metabolites associated with mitochondrial activity [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The HCR rats had significantly increased levels of citric acid and acetic acid ( Figure 6 A,B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats Genetically Selected for High Aerobic Exercise Capacity Have Elevated Plasma Bilirubin by Upregulation of Hepatic Biliverdin Reductase-A (BVRA) and Suppression of UGT1A1

et al. 2020

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Exercise in humans and animals increases plasma bilirubin levels, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In the present study, we utilized rats genetically selected for high capacity running (HCR) and low capacity running (LCR) to determine pathways in the liver that aerobic exercise modifies to control plasma bilirubin. The HCR rats, compared to the LCR, exhibited significantly higher levels of plasma bilirubin and the hepatic enzyme that produces it, biliverdin reductase-A (BVRA). The HCR also had reduced expression of the glucuronyl hepatic enzyme UGT1A1, which lowers plasma bilirubin. Recently, bilirubin has been shown to activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), a ligand-induced transcription factor, and the higher bilirubin HCR rats had significantly increased PPARα-target genes Fgf21, Abcd3, and Gys2. These are known to promote liver function and glycogen storage, which we found by Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining that hepatic glycogen content was higher in the HCR versus the LCR. Our results demonstrate that exercise stimulates pathways that raise plasma bilirubin through alterations in hepatic enzymes involved in bilirubin synthesis and metabolism, improving liver function, and glycogen content. These mechanisms may explain the beneficial effects of exercise on plasma bilirubin levels and health in humans.

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“…However, studies on the effects of probiotics on muscle mass and function have been scarcely reported, and the potential effects of probiotics on physical performance and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Few studies have suggested the potential impact of probiotics on the gut microbiomes of athletes [9], and the possible involvement of metabolites of gut microbiota, such as acetic acid, in the stimulation of muscular energy metabolism [10], and the enhancement of endurance performance [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium breve B-3 Enhances Muscle Functions: Possible Involvement of Increases in Muscle Mass and Mitochondrial Biogenesis

et al. 2020

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A previous clinical study on pre-obesity subjects revealed that Bifidobacterium breve B-3 shows anti-obesity effects and possibly increases muscle mass. Here, we investigated the effects of B-3 on muscle function, such as muscle strength and metabolism, and some signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. Male rodents were orally administered live B-3 (B-3L) or heat-killed B-3 (B-3HK) for 4 weeks. We found that administration of B-3 to rats tended to increase muscle mass and affect muscle metabolism, with stronger effects in the B-3HK group than in the B-3L group. B-3HK significantly increased muscle mass and activated Akt in the rat soleus. With regard to muscle metabolism, B-3HK significantly increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α and cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) gene expression in the rat soleus, suggesting an effect on the AMPK-PGC1α-mitochondrial biogenesis pathway. Furthermore, B-3HK promoted oxidative muscle fiber composition in the gastrocnemius. We also observed a significantly higher level of murine grip strength in the B-3HK group than in the control group. These findings suggest the potential of heat-killed B-3 in promoting muscle hypertrophy and modifying metabolic functions, possibly through the Akt and AMPK pathways, respectively.

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Acetic acid enhances endurance capacity of exercise-trained mice by increasing skeletal muscle oxidative properties

Abstract: (2015) Acetic acid enhances endurance capacity of exercise-trained mice by increasing skeletal muscle oxidative properties, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 79:9, 1535-1541,

Cited by 46 publications

References 50 publications

Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology

Unraveling the effects of the gut microbiota composition and function on horse endurance physiology

Rats Genetically Selected for High Aerobic Exercise Capacity Have Elevated Plasma Bilirubin by Upregulation of Hepatic Biliverdin Reductase-A (BVRA) and Suppression of UGT1A1

Heat-Killed Bifidobacterium breve B-3 Enhances Muscle Functions: Possible Involvement of Increases in Muscle Mass and Mitochondrial Biogenesis

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