Acetic Acid Feeding Enhances Glycogen Repletion in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Rats

Abstract

To investigate the efficacy of the ingestion of vinegar in aiding recovery from fatigue, we examined the effect of dietary acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, on glycogen repletion in rats. Rats were allowed access to a commercial diet twice daily for 6 d. After 15 h of food deprivation, they were either killed immediately or given 2 g of a diet containing 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g acetic acid/100 g diet for 2 h. The 0.2 g acetic acid group had significantly greater liver and gastrocnemius muscle glycogen concentration than the control group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of citrate in this group in both the liver and skeletal muscles were >1.3-fold greater than in the control group (P > 0.1). In liver, the concentration of xylulose-5-phosphate in the control group was significantly higher than in the 0.2 and 0.4 g acetic acid groups (P < 0.01). In gastrocnemius muscle, the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate in the control group was significantly lower and the ratio of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate/fructose-6-phosphate was significantly higher than in the 0.2 g acetic acid group (P < 0.05). This ratio in the soleus muscle of the acetic acid fed groups was <0.8-fold that of the control group (P > 0.1). In liver, acetic acid may activate gluconeogenesis and inactivate glycolysis through inactivation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate synthesis due to suppression of xylulose-5-phosphate accumulation. In skeletal muscle, acetic acid may inhibit glycolysis by suppression of phosphofructokinase-1 activity. We conclude that a diet containing acetic acid may enhance glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle.

Intake of Vinegar Beverage Is Associated with Restoration of Ovulatory Function in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…Liljeberg and Björck (1998) reported that vinegar significantly reduced the postprandial glucose and insulin responses to a starchy meal in healthy subjects and suggested that the mechanism was related to delayed gastric emptying as judged from lower paracetamol levels after the test meal with vinegar. Conversely, in rats fed experimental diets containing the indigestible marker polyethyleneglycol and various concentrations of acetic acid, dietary acetic acid did not alter gastric emptying, food intake, or glucose absorption (Fushimi et al 2001). Thus, the effect of vine- Four patients (patients 1 to 4) showed improvement of their menstrual cycle and are indicated by unbroken lines, while three (patients 5 to 7) without improvement are shown by dotted lines.…”

Glucosylation of Acetic Acid by Sucrose Phosphorylase

“…Acetic acid has various kinds of biological activities, [19][20][21] but at high concentrations, solutions of acetic acid are difficult to drink because of a strong sour taste. In this study, we tried to improve the sourness of acetic acid by glucosylation, and we remarkably reduced its sour taste by glucosylation of its carboxyl group.…”

Vinegar dressing and cold storage of potatoes lowers postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in healthy subjects

“…Several studies have been performed to evaluate the potential effects of acetic acid on glucose metabolism. Acetic acid has thus been shown to suppress disaccharidase activity in Caco-2 cells (human colonic carcinoma cells) (Ogawa et al, 2000) and to activate gluconeogenesis and induce glycogenesis in the rat liver after a fasting state (Fushimi et al, 2001). Although it has been established that the presence of acetic acid in a meal delays the gastric emptying rate and thus reduce postprandial glycaemia (Ebihara & Nakajima, 1988;Liljeberg & Björck, 1998), more studies are needed to elucidate to what extent other physiological mechanisms also may be involved and affect glucose metabolism.…”