Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A Thiolase in Brain, Liver, and Kidney during Maturation of the Rat

Dierks-Ventling, Christa; Cone, Aaron L

doi:10.1126/science.172.3981.380

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Furthermore, the fetal liver has a low capacity for ketogenesis (37)(38)(39) at concentrations approximating maternal blood, suggesting free transplacental transfer (35). Since fetal tissues can derive energy from ketone bodies (41,42), these are alternate fuels, which may be utilized during times of maternal glucopenia. Hormone levels in the term fetus would appear appropriate to the maximally anabolic state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuels, Hormones, and Liver Metabolism at Term and during the Early Postnatal Period in the Rat

Girard¹,

Cuendet²,

Marliss³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

372

238

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A B ST R A C T The metabolic response to the first fast experienced by all mammals has been studied in the newborn rat. Levels of fuels and hormones have been compared in the fetal and maternal circulations at term. Then, after cesarean section just before the normal time of birth, sequential changes in the same parameters were quantified during the first 16 h of the neonatal period. No caloric intake was permitted, and the newborns were maintained at 370C. Activities of three key hepatic enzymes involved in glucose production were estimated.Marked differences in maternal and fetal hormones and fuels were observed. Lower levels of glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol but higher levels of lactate, a-amino nitrogen, alanine, and glutamine were present in the fetus. Pyruvate, glutamate, and ketone bodies were not significantly different. The combination of a strikingly higher fetal immunoreactive insulin and a slightly lower immunoreactive glucagon (pancreatic) resulted in a profound elevation in the insulin-to-glucagon ratio, a finding consistent with an organism in an anabolic state.The rat at birth presents a body composition with respect to fuels available for mobilization and conversion which is dominated by carbohydrate and protein, since little fat is present. However, at birth a transient period of hypoglycemia occurred, associated with a rapid fall in insulin and rise in glucagon, causing reversal of the insulin-to-glucagon relationship toward ratios such as were observed in the mother. After a lag period, hepatic activities of phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase increased. Concurrent with these enzyme changes, the blood glucose returned to levels at or above those of the fetus. Interestingly, the fall observed in levels of the gluconeogenic precursors, lactate and amino acids, preceded the rise in enzyme activities and restoration of blood glucose. After 4 h, however, hypoglycemia recurred, during a period of decreasing hepatic glycogen content and blood lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol levels but of stable or increasing amino acid concentrations. Hepatic gluconeogenesis in this phase of depleted glycogen stores was insufficient to maintain euglycemia.Substrates derived from fat showed early changes of smaller magnitude. The rise in free fatty acids which occurred was less than twofold the value at birth, though this rise persisted up to 6 h. Whereas glycerol rose transiently, acetoacetate did not change and P-hydroxybutyrate concentration fell. Both ketone bodies showed a marked rise at 16 h, at a time of diminished free fatty acid levels. Plasma growth hormone, though higher in the fetal than the maternal circulation, showed no consistent change during the period of observation.The changes in levels of the endocrine pancreatic hormones at birth were appropriate in time, magnitude, and direction to be implicated as prime regulators of the metabolic response during the neonatal period in the rat.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuels, Hormones, and Liver Metabolism at Term and during the Early Postnatal Period in the Rat

Girard¹,

Cuendet²,

Marliss³

et al. 1973

J. Clin. Invest.

372

238

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“…2.8.3.5 [18,22], and acetoacetyl-CoA-thiolase, E.C. 2.3.1.9 [4,18]. During the suckling period, the pups are on a high fat (12.3%), low protein (9.2%), low car bohydrate (3%) diet [5]; after they open their eyes, they start nibbling on solid food and are thus on a mixed diet until weaning, when they are usually placed on regular laboratory chow, which is high in carbohy drates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Induction of Ketone-Body Enzymes in the Rat

Dierks-Ventling¹

1971

Neonatology

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“…Clearly the developing rat provides a particularly suitable system for studying the influence of nutritional and endocrinological factors on hepatic fatty acid oxidation, since the spontaneous and quite marked dietary and hormonal changes occurring during neonatal life afford one the opportunity of studying control with minimum deviation from the physiological state. However, developmental changes in the oxidation of [14C]-palmitate by rat liver slices and mitochondria (Augenfeld & Fritz, 1970;Lockwood & Bailey, 1970;Taylor et al, 1967) and in the activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (Augenfeld & Fritz, 1970;Lockwood & Bailey, 1970;Warshaw, 1972) and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (Lockwood & Bailey, 1971;Dierks-Ventling & Cone, 1971) only Vol. 154 have so far been reported.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the activities of the enzymes of hepatic fatty acid oxidation during development of the rat

Foster

Bailey

1976

Biochemical Journal

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1. Changes in the activities of several enzymes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation were measured in the livers of developing rats between late foetal life and maturity. The enzymes studied are medium-and long-chain ATP-dependent acyl-CoA synthetases of the outer mitochondrial membrane and matrix, GTP-dependent acyl-CoA synthetase, camitine acyltransferase, enoyl-CoA hydratase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, general 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. Developmental changes in the activity of cytoplasmic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase were also investigated. 2. The activities of all the mitochondrial enzymes studied increase markedly at birth and, except for enoyl-CoA hydratase, decrease at weaning. However, all the developmental patterns other than those of enoyl-CoA hydratase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase exhibit a fall followed by a rise in enzyme activity during the mid-suckling period. 3. The cytoplasmic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity is low throughout suckling, but high before birth and after weaning. 4. The results are discussed in relation to changes in fatty acid supply to the liver and hormonal changes occurring during development.

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Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A Thiolase in Brain, Liver, and Kidney during Maturation of the Rat

Abstract: The development of thiolase in various rat tissues from 7 days before birth to adulthood was studied. Enzyme activities in brain, liver, and kidney during the perinatal period reflect the nutritional environment, whereas those in the adult tissues do not.

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Fuels, Hormones, and Liver Metabolism at Term and during the Early Postnatal Period in the Rat

Fuels, Hormones, and Liver Metabolism at Term and during the Early Postnatal Period in the Rat

Prenatal Induction of Ketone-Body Enzymes in the Rat

Changes in the activities of the enzymes of hepatic fatty acid oxidation during development of the rat

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