Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors (AHAS/ALS)

Krmer, Wolfgang; Schirmer, Ulrich

doi:10.1002/9783527619580.ch2

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 136 publications

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“…The first cases of PPO-resistant ryegrass have also been reported . As the spreading resistance toward the herbicide-based control of weeds can only be partially countered by the use of established agricultural practices such as rotating herbicides seasonally or utilizing mixtures of different registered herbicides that have distinct modes of action, it is important to focus on identifying a broad range of new herbicides with either resistance-breaking structural features within established modes of action or diverging modes or sites of action. In order to address the arising target-site resistance against PPO herbicides in dicotyledon weeds of the Amaranthus species and to explore activity against important herbicide-resistant monocotyledon weeds we have started to explore if we could identify new PPO inhibitors with resistance-breaking properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing New Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibitors Carrying Potential Side Chain Isosteres to Enhance Crop Safety and Spectrum of Activity

Alnafta

Beffa

Bojack

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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There are several methods to control weeds, which impose particular challenges for farmers in all parts of the world, although applying small molecular compounds still remains the most efficient technology to date. However, plants can evolve to become resistant toward active ingredients which is also the case for protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors, a class of highly effective herbicides in use for more than 50 years. Hence, it is essential to continuously discover and develop new herbicidal PPO inhibitors with enhanced intrinsic activity, an improved resistance profile, enhanced crop safety, favorable physicochemical properties, and a clean toxicological profile. By modifying structural key features from known PPO inhibitors such as tiafenacil, inspired by isostere and mix&match concepts in combination with modeling investigations based on a wild-type Amaranthus crystal structure, we have found new promising lead structures showing strong activity in vitro and in vivo against several notorious dicotyledon and monocotyledon weeds with emerging resistance (e.g., Amaranthus palmeri, Amaranthus tuberculatus, Lolium rigidum, and Alopecurus myosuroides). While several phenyl uracils carrying an isoxazoline motif in their thio-linked side chain showed promising resistance-breaking potential against different Amaranthus species, introducing a thioacrylamide side chain afforded outstanding efficacy against resistant grass weeds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing New Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibitors Carrying Potential Side Chain Isosteres to Enhance Crop Safety and Spectrum of Activity

Alnafta

Beffa

Bojack

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Weed Resistance to Herbicides

Božić¹,

Pavlović²,

Vrbničanin³

2017

Herbicide Resistance in Weeds and Crops

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Unfortunately, herbicide resistance developed shortly after the introduction of the herbicides 2,4-D in 1957. According the herbicide resistance mechanisms, all processes can be grouped as follows: target-site resistance, non-target-site resistance, cross-resistance and multiple-resistance. Target-site resistance is generally due to a single or several mutations in the gene encoding the herbicide-target enzyme, which, in turn, decreases the affinity for herbicide binding to that enzyme. Non-target-site resistance is caused by mechanisms that reduce the amount of herbicidal active compound before it can attack the plant through the reduced absorption or altered translocation, increased herbicide sequestration or enhanced herbicide metabolism. Cross-resistance means that a single-resistance mechanism causes resistance to several herbicides with some mode of action. Multiple-resistance is a situation where two or more resistance mechanisms are present within the same plant, often due to sequential selection by herbicides with different modes of action. Currently, herbicide resistance has been reported in 478 weed biotypes (252 weed species) in 67 countries. Many of those biotypes are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, PS II inhibitors, ACC-ase inhibitors and EPSPS inhibitors. Strategy for herbicide-resistance weed management must involve all the available preventive, cultural, mechanical and chemical measures for effective, safe and cost-effective weed control.

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Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors (AHAS/ALS)

Cited by 2 publications

References 136 publications

Designing New Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibitors Carrying Potential Side Chain Isosteres to Enhance Crop Safety and Spectrum of Activity

Designing New Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase-Inhibitors Carrying Potential Side Chain Isosteres to Enhance Crop Safety and Spectrum of Activity

Weed Resistance to Herbicides

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