Acetolactate Synthase-Inhibitor Resistance in Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl from Indonesia

Abstract

Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl, belonging to the family Pontederiaceae, is an aquatic herbaceous plant, native to temperate and tropical Asia. The species often occurs in paddy fields as a noxious weed in East Asia, and in the USA, and causes a significant reduction in rice production. The objective of the present research was the evaluation of the resistance levels of M. vaginalis against three chemical groups of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor herbicides and other two different groups of herbicides, and the investigation of the mutations in the ALS gene of the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis. Herbicide dose–response experiments showed that the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis was highly resistant to bensulfuron-methyl, moderately resistant to bispyribac-sodium, had low resistance to penoxsulam and 2,4-D dimethyl ammonium, and was susceptible to sulfentrazone. The nucleotide sequences of the ALS gene of resistant and susceptible biotypes showed 14 base substitutions, which caused two amino acid substitutions: Val-143-Ile and Val-148-Ile. It is the first report of the substitutions of amino acids Val-143-Ile and Val-148-Ile in ALS protein. Those mutations may give different resistance spectra against three ALS-inhibitor herbicides: bensulfuron-methyl, bispyribac-sodium, and penoxsulam. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular basis of target-site resistance mechanisms such as the transformation of the ALS gene of M. vaginalis. It is also necessary to evaluate herbicide mixtures and/or the rotation of herbicide sites of action to control the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis.

Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation

“…When a significant difference was found, the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed using IBM SPSS Statistics 19 software (IBM Corp 2010). Non-linear regression analysis using the log-logistic model determined the GR50 value (Seefeldt et al 1995: Widianto et al 2022. A sigmoidal growth curve using the non-linear log-logistic regression equation matched the data distribution on declining growth.…”

“…Figure 1. Fit of the dry weight curves of susceptible and resistant goosegrass weed biotypes after herbicide application to the doseresponse log-logistic non-linear regression curve (Seefeldt et al 1995;Widianto et al 2022) In addition to being resistant to glyphosate, goosegrass originating in the six provinces was also shown to be resistant to paraquat. This indicates that paraquat can no longer be used to control glyphosate-resistant goosegrass.…”

Effects of Two Herbicides on Strawberry Plants

“…(Castro et al, 2019;Al-Latif, 2022). On the contrary, more and more reports (Widianto et al, 2022;Papapanagiotou et al, 2023;Sparangis et al, 2023;Zhu et al, 2023) have indicated the emergence of resistance to pyroxsulam in many common, previously sensitive weeds. It is therefore a question whether this resistance to ALS blockers will gradually appear in some strawberry varieties or whether this knowledge can be used in the case of breeding new, more resistant cultivars.…”

“…Blocking the function of ALS stops the formation of these amino acids and proteins (Soukup and Holec, 2010). Despite the fact that ALS inhibitors have been used as herbicides for more than 40 years and more than 50 active substances are registered (Widianto et al, 2022), very few studies have been conducted on their effect on subsequently cultivated plants.…”

First Clarification of the Involvement of Glycosyltransferase MdUGT73CG22 in the Detoxification Metabolism of Nicosulfuron in Apple

“…There are currently 54 ALS inhibitors used in agriculture, which belong to five subclasses: sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinylthiobenzoates, and sulfonylamino carbonyltriazolinones [4]. Among them, triazolopyrimidine sulfonamides are a new class of acetolactate synthetase (ALS) inhibitors that have been developed and rapidly applied since the 1990s.…”