Acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) attenuates Cd-induced liver injury: Potential application in adjuvant heavy metal therapy

Imafidon, Christian Eseigbe; Olukiran, Olaoluwa Sesan; Ogundipe, Dare Joshua; Eluwole, Alaba Omotayo; Adekunle, Isiaka Ayofe; Oke, Gracious Oluwamayowa

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.02.009

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Histological examinations of the liver of the rats in the control group revealed evidence of apparently normal liver histoarchitecture characterized by normal parenchymal structure, intact lamellar pattern of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, and normal sinusoidal architecture, and no significant lesions were observed, similar to a work by Imafidon et al [13]. Likewise, the kidney of the control group showed normal renal histoarchitecture characterized by normal glomerulus structure, capsular space, normal macula densa, and normal tubular architecture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Barnes

Yeboah

Gbedema

et al. 2020

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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Heavy metal toxicity contributes to liver and kidney dysfunction and damage through oxidative stress mechanisms; however, from previous studies, extracts from the Vernonia amygdalina plant have shown to possess potent antioxidant properties. This study was aimed at uncovering the potential ameliorative effects of ethanolic extract from Vernonia amygdalina plant in heavy metal toxicity-induced liver and kidney dysfunction. For this study, 44 Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The control group received a basal diet and water only while the treatment groups received varied dosages of the heavy metals. The copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) groups had five subgroups. The Cu only and Cu recovery subgroups were administered with 16 mg/kg Cu intraperitoneally daily for 14 days, whereas the Pb only and Pb recovery subgroups were administered with 13 mg/kg Pb intraperitoneally daily for 14 days. Subsequently, the Pb only and Cu only subgroups were sacrificed. The three Pb and Cu treatment subgroups received oral graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) of the extract for 21 days. The Cu recovery and Pb recovery subgroups were left to recover for 21 days. After histological examinations, the Pb and Cu pretreatment groups showed evidence of focal necrosis accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltrations. The serum levels of liver biomarkers AST, ALT, and GGT, as well as urea and creatinine, were significantly elevated (P=0.01) following copper and lead exposure. Upon posttreatment of the rats with the extract, the physiological levels of the biomarkers were restored and tissue architecture of the organs improved. Thus, the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina is capable of ameliorating the effects of heavy metal toxicity through potent antioxidative mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Barnes

Yeboah

Gbedema

et al. 2020

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…These enzymes are located in the liver cells and released into the plasma in response to the liver cell injury or damage. ( Imafidon et al., 2018 , Ozer et al., 2008 ). In the present study, after the Cd administration, the activity of GOT was significantly elevated in the 15.56-, 30.55-, and 60.67-mg Cd/kg groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological changes, lipid metabolism, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of laying hens exposed to cadmium concentrations

Zhu

Bai

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium ( Cd ) on histological changes, lipid metabolism, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) stress in the liver of layers. A total of 480 hens at 38 wk of age were randomly assigned in 5 groups that were fed a basal diet or basal diet supplemented with CdCl 2 2.5H 2 O at 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg Cd/kg feed for 9 wk. The results showed that accumulation of Cd was the greatest in the kidney, followed by the liver, pancreas, and lung. Diet contaminated with 30 mg Cd/kg induced antioxidant defenses accompanied by the increase of the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the liver, while dietary supplementation with 60 mg Cd/kg decreased the antioxidant levels significantly ( P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed Cd induced reactive oxygen species production and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatocytes. Exposure to 60 mg Cd/kg significantly upregulated the expression of cytochrome C, caspase 3, caspase 9, caspase 7, Grp78, and Chop ( P < 0.05). Histopathology and quantitative real-time PCR results presented periportal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, and periportal inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver accompanied by upregulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-10 in the 30- or 60-mg Cd/kg groups. Oil Red O staining and RT-qPCR results showed dietary supplementation with 7.5, 15, and 30 mg Cd/kg promoted the synthesis of lipid droplets and upregulated the expression of fatty acid synthase, while dietary supplementation with 60 mg Cd/kg attenuated the synthesis of lipid droplets and downregulated the expression of acyl-CoA oxidase 1, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, and perixisome proliferation-activated receptor α ( P < 0.05). Besides, the expression of vitellogenin ( VTG ) II and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein were upregulated in the 7.5-mg Cd/kg group, and the expressions of apolipoprotein B, vitellogenin II, and apolipoprotein very-low-density lipoprotein-II were downregulated in the 30- and/or 60-mg Cd/kg groups ( P < 0.05). Conclusively, although low-dose Cd exposure promoted the synthesis of lipids and lipoproteins in the liver, the increase of Cd exposure could trigger liver injury through inducing oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress and negatively affect lipid metabolism and yolk formation in laying hens.

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“…It could also be a mixture of some of these effects since the products have been stated to comprise three to five different herbal plants with different pharmacological properties. The argument for a possible liver protective effect by HPC is partly supported by previous studies which found one of the active ingredient of HPC 'Phyllanthus fraternus' to possess antihepatotoxic activity [32,33], justifying its used in traditional medicine for the treatment of jaundice. This assertion on HPC also correlates well with a clinical trial of the same product which was published at the time this current study was ongoing [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of top three commercial herbal antimalarial preparations in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana

et al. 2020

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Purpose: Safety data on commonly used herbal medicinal (HM) products (HMPs) and marketed in Ghana are scarce. We assessed the sub-chronic toxicity of three most-patronised commercial antimalarial HMPs in Kumasi, Ghana. Method: Top three HMPs (designated as herbal products ‘A’ (HPA), ‘B’ (HPB) and ‘C’ (HPC)) were selected after a mini-survey and sub-chronic toxicity evaluation conducted in accordance with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 407 guidelines. Control rats received clean water while test groups received daily adult human dose (DAHD), 5× DAHD or 10× DAHD of either HPA, HPB or HPC for 30 days. Rats were killed on day 31 to obtain biochemical, haematology and histology samples for analysis. Data were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test. Results: The three HMPs produced alterations in liver morphology predominantly characterised by prominent foci of fatty change with scattered hepatocytes containing intracytoplasmic fat globules and congested central veins and sinusoids. The lungs showed alveolar with evidence of inflammation and foci of epithelial sloughing. Alveolar spaces were also obscured by debris and inflammatory cells. HPA and HPC produced scattered intensely congested heart vessels while HPB(10) produced haemorrhage and amorphous exudates within the heart. All HMPs produced neither treatment-related deaths nor significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters, except for HPA and HPB which decreased (P<0.05) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and HPB, which elevated (P<0.05) fasting blood glucose (FBG). Conclusion: Data from the present study suggest the potential of the herbal products (HPs), HPA, HPB and HPC, to cause major organ-system dysfunction or damage. We advise cautious use of these products and recommend further safety evaluation in chronic toxicity models.

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Acetonic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Del.) attenuates Cd-induced liver injury: Potential application in adjuvant heavy metal therapy

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Ameliorative Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Plant Extract on Heavy Metal-Induced Liver and Kidney Dysfunction in Rats

Histological changes, lipid metabolism, and oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of laying hens exposed to cadmium concentrations

Sub-chronic toxicity evaluation of top three commercial herbal antimalarial preparations in the Kumasi metropolis, Ghana

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