Acetyl Groups in Typha capensis: Fate of Acetates during Organosolv and Ionosolv Pulping

Audu, Idi Guga; Brosse, Nicolas; Winter, Heiko; Hoffmann, Anton; Bremer, Martina; Fischer, Steffen; Laborie, Marie‐Pierre

doi:10.3390/polym10060619

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In the modified lignin, the acetyl group mole ratio was calculated using 1 H NMR spectroscopy by monitoring the ethane protons of succinic acid (−C H 2 C H 2 −) and the methyl protons of acetic acid (−CH 3 ). In Figure b, peaks from methyl protons of acetic acid (−C H 3 ) are displayed at 1.92 ppm (aliphatic acetyl proton, a1 position) and 1.98 ppm (aromatic acetyl proton, a2 position) for the acetic acid 83% condition. − Also, peaks from ethane protons of succinic acid (R–CH 2 –COOH) are displayed at 2.43 ppm for acetic acid in 83 and 50% conditions and 2.44 ppm for acetic acid in 17 and 0% conditions. As shown in Figure b, each different experimental condition shows slight swifts in monitoring ethane protons of succinic acid (−C H 2 C H 2 – near 2.44 ppm) and methyl protons of the acetyl group (−C H 3 near 1.92 and 1.98 ppm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convenient Cross-Linking Control of Lignin-Based Polymers Influencing Structure–Property Relationships

Kim

Chung

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Lignin is an abundant and low-cost biomass polymer that has a high concentration of aromaticity. Therefore, lignin can be an excellent resource for new sustainable polymers. However, poorly defined excessive reaction sites of lignin lead to thermoset polymers due to uncontrolled cross-linking at its reaction sites. In this report, we present a convenient and efficient cross-linking control method in lignin-based copolymer synthesis. The new method uses a capping agent, acetic acid, to reduce the number of excessive reaction sites, hydroxyl groups, in lignin. Acetic acid deactivates hydroxyl groups on lignin by forming acetyl, which is inert to following covalent-bond-forming reactions. The present report demonstrates an initial example of lignin-graftpoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Although the polymer is not new, the new cross-linking control method enables a variety of property control with high convenience. The lignin-based polymer synthesis with the new cross-linking control method has two steps: (1) natural lignin modification with succinic acid and a capping agent (acetic acid) in a single pot and (2) graft copolymerization of PEG onto the modified lignin via carbodiimide-mediated esterification. We have prepared three modified lignins with carboxylic acid terminals of 28, 85, and 95% out of the entire reaction sites available with a convenient method, controlling the amount of acetic acid. In other words, 72, 15, and 5% of the available hydroxyl groups of natural lignin have been deactivated by acetic acid. We have integrated three different molecular weights of PEG-OH, having 1k, 2k, and 3k g/mol, onto lignin, followed by thermal property studies. The thermal property tests showed a significantly low glass transition temperature (T g ) of lignin-graft-PEG with low cross-linking (i.e., a large amount of the capping agent). The T g of ligningraft-PEG was −27.5 °C when 72% of the capping agent was used. The T g increased to 2.6 °C with 17% of the capping agent under fixed conditions. This control of thermal properties showed consistent trends over diverse conditions such as lignin to PEG weight ratios and molecular weights of PEG. The new lignin modification method opens a new avenue to develop lignin-based thermoplastic polymers, which are highly valued in polymer thermal processing and recycling.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convenient Cross-Linking Control of Lignin-Based Polymers Influencing Structure–Property Relationships

Kim

Chung

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Therefore, increasing xylan acetyl content may be an approach to alter SCW traits, increase growth and reduce recalcitrance factors such as LCCs (Giummarella and Lawoko, 2016; Martínez-Abad et al, 2018). Biorefinery applications centered on acetic acid production from biomass may also benefit from biomass with higher acetyl content (Patil et al, 2013; Audu et al, 2018; Figure 1). Furthermore, acidic dissolving pulp production (DPP) benefits from the additional pH decrease caused by released acetyl groups (Chen et al, 2010; Xiao et al, 2015).…”

Section: Novel Biotechnology Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylan in the Middle: Understanding Xylan Biosynthesis and Its Metabolic Dependencies Toward Improving Wood Fiber for Industrial Processing

et al. 2019

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Lignocellulosic biomass, encompassing cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in plant secondary cell walls (SCWs), is the most abundant source of renewable materials on earth. Currently, fast-growing woody dicots such as Eucalyptus and Populus trees are major lignocellulosic (wood fiber) feedstocks for bioproducts such as pulp, paper, cellulose, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. Processing wood for these products entails separating the biomass into its three main components as efficiently as possible without compromising yield. Glucuronoxylan (xylan), the main hemicellulose present in the SCWs of hardwood trees carries chemical modifications that are associated with SCW composition and ultrastructure, and affect the recalcitrance of woody biomass to industrial processing. In this review we highlight the importance of xylan properties for industrial wood fiber processing and how gaining a greater understanding of xylan biosynthesis, specifically xylan modification, could yield novel biotechnology approaches to reduce recalcitrance or introduce novel processing traits. Altering xylan modification patterns has recently become a focus of plant SCW studies due to early findings that altered modification patterns can yield beneficial biomass processing traits. Additionally, it has been noted that plants with altered xylan composition display metabolic differences linked to changes in precursor usage. We explore the possibility of using systems biology and systems genetics approaches to gain insight into the coordination of SCW formation with other interdependent biological processes. Acetyl-CoA, s-adenosylmethionine and nucleotide sugars are precursors needed for xylan modification, however, the pathways which produce metabolic pools during different stages of fiber cell wall formation still have to be identified and their co-regulation during SCW formation elucidated. The crucial dependence on precursor metabolism provides an opportunity to alter xylan modification patterns through metabolic engineering of one or more of these interdependent pathways. The complexity of xylan biosynthesis and modification is currently a stumbling point, but it may provide new avenues for woody biomass engineering that are not possible for other biopolymers.

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Study of thermal decomposition of microalgae biomass pretreated by acetylation for biofuel production

de Lima Ferreira,

de Araújo,

de Melo Queiroz

et al. 2023

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Acetyl Groups in Typha capensis: Fate of Acetates during Organosolv and Ionosolv Pulping

Cited by 5 publications

References 59 publications

Convenient Cross-Linking Control of Lignin-Based Polymers Influencing Structure–Property Relationships

Convenient Cross-Linking Control of Lignin-Based Polymers Influencing Structure–Property Relationships

Xylan in the Middle: Understanding Xylan Biosynthesis and Its Metabolic Dependencies Toward Improving Wood Fiber for Industrial Processing

Study of thermal decomposition of microalgae biomass pretreated by acetylation for biofuel production

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