Acetylation and Hydroxylation of Sulphatroxazole by the Turtle <i>Pseudemys Scripta Elegans</i>

Vree, T. B.; Vree, Jeroen B.; Nouws, J. F. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1987.tb00274.x

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Vree and co workers isolated the metabolite from the urine of dogs [5] and excreta of fresh water turtles Pseudemys scripta elegans by preparative TLC [8]. Dog's urine is relatively easy to analyse, because dogs are unable to acetylate sulfon amides [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

Vree

Ven

Wissen

et al. 1995

Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applicatio

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A bstractThe following metabolites of sulfadiazine (S) were isolated from monkey urine by preparative HPLC: 5-hydroxysulfadiazine (50H), 4-hydroxysulfadiazine (40H) and the glucuronide (SOHgluc) and sulfate conjugate of 50H (50Hsulf). The compounds were identified by NMR, mass and infrared spectrometry and hydrolysis by /3-glucuronidase. The analysis of S, the hydroxymetabolites (40H, 50H) and conjugates N4-acetylsulfadiazine (N4), SOHgluc and 50Hsulf in human and monkey plasma and urine samples was performed using reversed-phase gradient HPLC with UV detection. In plasma, S and N4 could be detected in high concentrations, whereas the other metabolites were present in only minute concentrations. In urine, S, the metabolites and conjugates were present. The limit of quantification of the compounds in plasma varies between 0.2 and 0.6 /¿g/ml (S 0.31, N4 0.40, 40H 0.20, 50H 0.37, SOHgluc 0.33 and SOHsulf 0.57 ¿tg/ml). In urine it varies between 0.6 and 1.1 /¿g/ml (S 0.75, N4 0.80, 40H 0.60, 50H 0.80, SOHgluc 0.80 and SOHsulf 1.1 ¿¿g/ml). The method was applied to studies with healthy human subjects and Rhesus monkeys. The metabolites 5OH, SOHgluc and 50Hsulf were present in Rhesus monkey and not in man. Preliminary results of studies of metabolism and pharmacokinetics in Rhesus monkey and man are presented. Subject and monkeysA single oral dose of 500 mg S was adminis tered to one healthy human subject (male, 35 years old, 85 kg, slow acetylator of sulfonamides) with 100 ml of tap water after an overnight fast. The study had the approval of the hospital ethics committee and informed consent was obtained from the volunteer.Rhesus monkeys were obtained from the Cen tral Animal Laboratory, University of Nijmegen and the Laboratory Animals Breeding Ex perimental Farm of Shunde Guangdong (Beijing, China). One Rhesus monkey (female, 5 years old and weighing about 5 kg) was housed in a metabolic cage and fed orally with 50 mg/kg of sulfadiazine and serial plasma and urine samples were collected for 2 days. Three Rhesus monkeys (female, 4-5 years old and weighing about 5 kg) obtained from the Central Animal Laboratory, University of Nijmegen, were housed in a meta bolic cage and fed orally for 5 days with 50 mg/kg of sulfadiazine and all urine was collected for 6 days. The study had the approval of the ethics committee of the Animal Laboratory. SamplingBlood samples of 2 ml were drawn from the volunteer and collected in heparinized Eppendorf vials (2 ml) at regular time intervals during 2 days after administration by means of fingertip puncture with Monolet lancets (Monoject, St. Louis, MO, USA). After centrifuging at 3000 g for 5 min, plasma samples were stored at -20°C pending analysis.Urine was collected from untimed voiding. The total time of sample collection was 96 h. Three samples of 7 ml of each void were stored at -20°C pending analysis.Blood samples of 2 ml were drawn from the monkey by puncture of the vena mediana and collected in heparinized Eppendorf vials at 0.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 24 and 48 h ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

Vree

Ven

Wissen

et al. 1995

Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applicatio

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“…It is difficult to recognise the 0-demethylated metabolites in human urine, if they exist. We have demonstrated that the fresh-water turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans is able to N-acetylate and oxidise the sulphonamides sulphadimidine (17), sulphamethoxazole (19), and sulphatroxazole (20). The cumulative excretion of parent drug and metabolites in a tank of approximately 30 1 water results in an HPLC chromatogram without interfering with endogenous excretion products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O‐demethylation and N₄‐acetylation of sulphadimethoxine by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

Vree

Vree²,

Kolmer³

et al. 1989

Veterinary Quarterly

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“…Reptilian cytochrome P-450 oxidises methyl moieties in sulphonamides like sulphadimidine (17,19), sulphamethoxazole (18,19), sulphatroxaxole (19,20) and in nalidixic acid (21). Also the enzyme enables the N-oxidation and N-demethylation reactions as was shown for the quinolone pefloxacin (22).…”

Section: Chpmentioning

confidence: 91%

N‐oxidation, O‐demethylation, and excretion of trimethoprim by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

Jb²,

Eb³

et al. 1989

Veterinary Quarterly

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Acetylation and Hydroxylation of Sulphatroxazole by the Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

O‐demethylation and N₄‐acetylation of sulphadimethoxine by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

N‐oxidation, O‐demethylation, and excretion of trimethoprim by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

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Acetylation and Hydroxylation of Sulphatroxazole by the Turtle Pseudemys Scripta Elegans

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

Isolation, identification and determination of sulfadiazine and its hydroxy metabolites and conjugates from man and Rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography

O‐demethylation and N4‐acetylation of sulphadimethoxine by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

N‐oxidation, O‐demethylation, and excretion of trimethoprim by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans

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O‐demethylation and N₄‐acetylation of sulphadimethoxine by the turtlePseudemys scripta elegans