“…This view is supported by a number of recent studies exploring changes in histone phosphorylation and acetylation at the promoters of Per1, c-fos, fosB, bdnf, and NK1R, among other genes, in response to the acute administration of HDACi or drugs of abuse (Kumar et al, 2005;Levine et al, 2005;Renthal et al, 2008aRenthal et al, , 2009Renthal et al, , 2007Russo et al, 2009;Schroeder et al, 2008). However, it should be also noted that HDACs deacetylate not only nucleosome histones, but also a much wider range of cellular proteins and can, therefore, also influence cell physiology and animal behavior through nongenomic mechanisms (Glozak et al, 2005;Spange et al, 2009). Indeed, some behavioral consequences observed after the administration of HDACi might be difficult to reconcile with the temporal requirements of the genomic actions of these compounds, which imply not only gene transcription but also the synthesis of proteins de novo and their transport to cellular structures/organelles.…”