Acetylcholine receptors in spider peripheral mechanosensilla

Widmer, Alexandre; Panek, Izabela; Höger, Ulli; Meisner, Shannon; French, Andrew S.; Torkkeli, Päivi H.

doi:10.1007/s00359-005-0054-9

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The abundances of putative ChAT and VAChT genes were relatively low in the spider CNS transcriptome and the ratio of labeled versus unlabeled neurons varied greatly throughout the CNS. Together with previous reports of cholinergic markers, such as ChAT, AChE and muscarinic ACh receptors in the spider mechanosensory and efferent neurons (Fabian and Seyfarth 1997; Fabian-Fine et al 2002; Widmer et al 2006) our findings establish the importance of cholinergic neurons for the functions of spider central and peripheral nervous systems. Furthermore, we have extended previous research on the distribution of FMRFamide related peptides in the spider nervous system (Becherer and Schmid 1999; Barth 2002) and demonstrated that they are co-localized with some anti-VAChT labeled neurons in the CNS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The distribution of cholinergic neurons and their co-localization with FMRFamide, in central and peripheral neurons of the spider Cupiennius salei

et al. 2017

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The spider Cupiennius salei is a well-established model for investigating information processing in arthropod sensory systems. Immunohistochemistry has shown that several neurotransmitters exist in the C. salei nervous system, including GABA, glutamate, histamine, octopamine and FMRFamide, while electrophysiology has found functional roles for some of these transmitters. There is also evidence that acetylcholine (ACh) is present in some C. salei neurons but information about the distribution of cholinergic neurons in spider nervous systems is limited. Here, we identify C. salei genes that encode enzymes essential for cholinergic transmission: choline ACh transferase (ChAT) and vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT). We used in-situ hybridization with an mRNA probe for C. salei ChAT gene to locate somata of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system and immunohistochemistry with antisera against ChAT and VAChT to locate these proteins in cholinergic neurons. All three markers labeled similar, mostly small neurons, plus a few mid-sized neurons, in most ganglia. In the subesophageal ganglia, labeled neurons are putative efferent, motor or interneurons but the largest motor and interneurons were unlabeled. Groups of anti-ChAT labeled small neurons also connect the optic neuropils in the spider protocerebrum. Differences in individual cell labeling intensities were common, suggesting a range of ACh expression levels. Double-labeling found a subpopulation of anti-VAChT-labeled central and mechanosensory neurons that were also immunoreactive to antiserum against FMRFamide-like peptides. Our findings suggest that ACh is an important neurotransmitter in the C. salei central and peripheral nervous systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The distribution of cholinergic neurons and their co-localization with FMRFamide, in central and peripheral neurons of the spider Cupiennius salei

et al. 2017

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“…We will need correlative light and electron microscopic investigations to examine whether GABA-and glutamate-IR presynaptic boutons contain mixed vesicle populations and whether their axons synapse only upon the muscle fibers or also with each other. For the moment, the diversity of vesicle shapes and sizes seen in electron micrographs suggest that both vesicle types may cohabit the same terminal, possibly alongside those containing other neurotransmitters, such as octopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine (Seyfarth et al 1990;Widmer et al 2005Widmer et al , 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The neurons themselves are presumably efferent, and run in parallel to the sensory neurons, forming exceedingly complex patterns of anatomical synaptic interaction (Fabian-Fine et al 1999a, b, 2002. In electrophysiological experiments, application of GABA, glutamate, octopamine and acetylcholine have all been shown to modify the sensitivities of mechanosensory neurons by acting on a variety of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors (Panek et al 2002(Panek et al , 2003Panek and Torkkeli 2005;Widmer et al 2005Widmer et al , 2006. Immunocytochemistry has revealed the expression of several different types of transmitter receptors on the sensory neurons as well as in surrounding efferent and glial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Co-localization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate in Neurons of the Spider Central Nervous System

et al. 2015

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Spider sensory neurons with cell bodies close to various sensory organs are innervated by putative efferent axons from the central nervous system (CNS). Light and electronmicroscopic imaging of immunolabeled neurons has demonstrated that neurotransmitters present at peripheral synapses include γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and octopamine. Moreover, electrophysiological studies show that these neurotransmitters modulate the sensitivity of peripheral sensory neurons. Here, we undertook immunocytochemical investigations to characterize GABA and glutamate-immunoreactive neurons in three-dimensional reconstructions of the spider CNS. We document that both neurotransmitters are abundant in morphologically distinct neurons throughout the CNS. Labeling for the vesicular transporters, VGAT for GABA and VGLUT for glutamate, showed corresponding patterns, supporting the specificity of antibody binding. Whereas some neurons displayed strong immunolabeling, others were only weakly labeled. Double labeling showed that a subpopulation of weakly labeled neurons present in all ganglia expresses both GABA and glutamate. Double labeled, strongly and weakly labeled GABA and glutamate immunoreactive axons were also observed in the periphery along muscle fibers and peripheral sensory neurons. Electron microscopic investigations showed presynaptic profiles of various diameters with mixed vesicle populations innervating muscle tissue as well as sensory neurons. Our findings provide evidence that: (1) sensory neurons and muscle fibers are innervated by morphologically distinct, centrally located GABA- and glutamate immunoreactive neurons; (2) a subpopulation of these neurons may co-release both neurotransmitters; and (3) sensory neurons and muscles are innervated by all of these neurochemically and morphologically distinct types of neurons. The biochemical diversity of presynaptic innervation may contribute to how spiders filter natural stimuli and coordinate appropriate response patterns.

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“…In the spider, OCT increases the overall sensitivity of mechanosensory neurons by local release from efferent endings (60). This local release suggests that sensory input from specific sensilla relative to others can be emphasized depending on behavioral circumstances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Drosophila male behavioral choice

Certel

Savella

Schlegel

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

144

163

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The reproductive and defensive behaviors that are initiated in response to specific sensory cues can provide insight into how choices are made between different social behaviors. We manipulated both the activity and sex of a subset of neurons and found significant changes in male social behavior. Results from aggression assays indicate that the neuromodulator octopamine (OCT) is necessary for Drosophila males to coordinate sensory cue information presented by a second male and respond with the appropriate behavior: aggression rather than courtship. In competitive male courtship assays, males with no OCT or with low OCT levels do not adapt to changing sensory cues and court both males and females. We identified a small subset of neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion region of the adult male brain that coexpress OCT and male forms of the neural sex determination factor, Fruitless (Fru M ). A single Fru M -positive OCT neuron sends extensive bilateral arborizations to the suboesophageal ganglion, the lateral accessory lobe, and possibly the posterior antennal lobe, suggesting a mechanism for integrating multiple sensory modalities. Furthermore, eliminating the expression of Fru M by transformer expression in OCT/tyramine neurons changes the aggression versus courtship response behavior. These results provide insight into how complex social behaviors are coordinated in the nervous system and suggest a role for neuromodulators in the functioning of male-specific circuitry relating to behavioral choice.aggression ͉ courtship ͉ fruitless ͉ octopamine ͉ sex-specific

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Acetylcholine receptors in spider peripheral mechanosensilla

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

The distribution of cholinergic neurons and their co-localization with FMRFamide, in central and peripheral neurons of the spider Cupiennius salei

The distribution of cholinergic neurons and their co-localization with FMRFamide, in central and peripheral neurons of the spider Cupiennius salei

Co-localization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate in Neurons of the Spider Central Nervous System

Modulation of Drosophila male behavioral choice

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