Achalasia and Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Wychulis, Adam R.

doi:10.1001/jama.1971.03180230048008

Cited by 124 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Follow-up studies of achalasia patients have consistently shown substantially increased risk of EC [220–223], but because the size of achalasia cohorts have been small, different magnitudes of relative risks have been reported. One of the largest of these cohorts that has had a long-term follow-up is conducted in Sweden.…”

Section: Predisposing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Causes of Esophageal Cancer

Kamangar¹,

Chow

Abnet

et al. 2009

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

334

311

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Synopsis This articles reviews the environmental risk factors and predisposing conditions for the two main histological types of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA). Tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, drinking maté, low intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, achalasia, and low socioeconomic status increase the risk of ESCC. Results of investigations on several other potential risk factors, including opium consumption, intake of hot drinks, eating pickled vegetables, poor oral health, and exposure to human papillomavirus, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N-nitroso compounds, acetaldehyde, and fumonisins are also discussed. Gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, tobacco smoking, hiatal hernia, achalasia, and probably absence of H. pylori in the stomach increase the risk of EA. Results of studies investigating other factors, including low intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, consumption of carbonated soft drink, use of H2 blockers, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and drugs that relax the lower esophageal sphincter are also discussed.

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Section: Predisposing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Causes of Esophageal Cancer

Kamangar¹,

Chow

Abnet

et al. 2009

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America

334

311

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“…[71][72][73][74] It is believed that food stasis, as seen in achalasia, leads to chronic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa, which potentially increases the risk of development of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Since then, achalasia has frequently been described as a predisposing factor for esophageal cancer.…”

Section: Screening For Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia

Moonen

Boeckxstaens

2014

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Achalasia is the best characterized primary esophageal motility disorder of the esophagus and typically presents with absent peristalsis of the esophageal body and a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax upon swallowing on manometry, associated with progressively severe dysphagia, regurgitation, aspiration, chest pain, and weight loss. The diagnosis is suggested by barium swallow and endoscopy, and confirmed by manometry. As there is no curative treatment for achalasia, treatment is confined to disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter to improve bolus passage. Treatment modalities available for this purpose include pneumatic dilation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy and since recently peroral endoscopic myotomy or POEM. In this review, we will discuss the current diagnosis, management, and treatment options of achalasia.

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“…In a large cohort followup study, Wychulis et al [4] analyzed 1,318 patients and found a 7-fold increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in achalasia patients compared to the general population. Despite some contradictory data [5–7], achalasia is generally accepted as a condition associated with an increased risk for developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [8, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic Detection of Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Achalasia: Narrow-Band Imaging versus Lugol's Staining

Ide

Carneiro

Frazão

et al. 2013

Journal of Oncology

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Chromoendoscopy with Lugol's staining remains the gold standard technique for detecting superficial SCC. An alternative technique, such as narrow-band imaging (NBI), for “optical staining” would be desirable, since NBI is a simpler technique and has no known complications. In this study, we compare NBI without magnification and chromoendoscopy with Lugol's staining for detecting high-grade dysplasia and intramucosal esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in patients with achalasia. This was a prospective observational study of 43 patients with achalasia referred to the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit of the Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, University Medical School, Brazil, from October 2006 to February 2007. Conventional examinations with white light, NBI, and Lugol staining were consecutively performed, and the suspected lesions were mapped, recorded, and sent for biopsy. The results of the three methods were compared regarding sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood value, and negative likelihood value. Of the 43 patients, one was diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it was detected by all of the methods. NBI technology without magnification has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for detecting superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and it has comparable results with those obtained with Lugol's staining.

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Achalasia and Carcinoma of the Esophagus

Cited by 124 publications

References 3 publications

Environmental Causes of Esophageal Cancer

Environmental Causes of Esophageal Cancer

Current Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia

Endoscopic Detection of Early Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Patients with Achalasia: Narrow-Band Imaging versus Lugol's Staining

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