Achievements and Perspectives on the Improvement by Afforestation of Degraded Lands in Romania

Constandache, Cristinel; Blujdea, Viorel; Nistor, S.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8657-0_40

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The consistency of the forest, associated with shrubs, ora, litter, have a very important role in preventing surface runoff and thus in reducing soil erosion (Constandache, 2010). These aspects could not be directly correlated, being necessary data regarding the water quantities from precipitations that reach the ground, represented by the intensity of the rains, which is directly in uenced by the consistency and phytosanitary condition of the stand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the geographical conditions of Romania, where the sloping land represents up to 67% of the national territory and supported by a complex number of natural factors, as well as by intense human interventions from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, the vegetation and soils face serious ecological imbalances (Constandache, 2010). Consequently, land degradation and the increasing frequency of torrential processes favor the emergence of areas with a typical semi-desert appearance (Julien, 2010) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land

Moldovan¹,

Tăut²,

Dîrja³

2021

Preprint

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Background: The naturally present erosion phenomenon has been active throughout the geological eras, shaping the land surface to date. Today, this phenomenon causes significant damage to the environment and human activities.In the geographical conditions of Romania, where the sloping land represents up to 67% of the national territory and supported by a complex number of natural factors, as well as the intense human interventions from the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th, the vegetation and soils face serious ecological imbalances. The afforestation of degraded lands gained momentum after 1948, and the most used species were pines, especially black pine and Scots pine.Methods: In order to achieve the proposed objectives regarding the evaluation of stands in terms of anti-erosion effectiveness, were analyzed the consistency of trees, the number of trees on the surface, the weight of the seedlings, and surface runoff, from the perspective of rainfall and soil retention.Results: Analyzing the influence of rain intensity, respectively 39% in compartment 49, 38% in 73 and ground retention on surface runoff, being 28% in both compartments, it results that the two parameters directly influence surface runoff. Thus, it can be stated that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the stands, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain and the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention.Conclusions: The results obtained suggest that indirectly surface runoff is influenced by the consistency of the tree, by the degree of proximity of the crowns, which directly influence the intensity of rain.Also, the number of trees and the vegetation that grows under them directly influences the retention in the soil through the litter that is formed, which promotes retention and by creating areas that reduce the speed of water, favoring infiltration into the soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land

Moldovan¹,

Tăut²,

Dîrja³

2021

Preprint

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“…The results of these studies indicate that forests of Romanian Carpathians have suffered damage, such as diminution of forest areas and reduction of biodiversity [1,[24][25][26]. These changes resulted in a continuous decrease of forest areas and increase of urban development [27], expansion of agriculture croplands [15,28,29], climate change [15] and natural hazards [30]. Environmental sensitivity is defined in terms of various indicators that represent the physical situation of the forests (including the state property and its territorial context), in relation to the protection rules system that emphasizes its value [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The forests in the Carpathians represent one of the Europe's largest virgin forests, with high ecological value. Carpathian forest have been converted for, economic activities [15][16][17] and urban development [1,11,18]. In last decades, the forests of Romania have been studied using novel methodologies, including fractal analysis [16,[19][20][21] of satellite images [11,18,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fractal and Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Indices to Assess the Forest Dynamics in the Curvature Carpathians—Romania

et al. 2019

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The mountain ecosystems face significant damage from deforestation and environmental forest changes. We investigated the evolution of tree types of cover areas, deforested areas and total deforested areas from Curvature Carpathians using Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix and fractal analysis. The forest dynamics mapping was one of the main objectives of this study and it was carried out using multiple fractal and GLCM indices. We approached the analysis of satellite forest images by calculation of four fractal indices such as Pyramid dimension, Cube Counting Dimension, Fractal Fragmentation-Compaction Index and Tug-of-War lacunarity. We also calculated fractal dimension because it is an index of complexity comparing how the detail in a pattern changes with the scale at which it is measured. Fractal dimension is useful for estimation of irregularity or roughness of fractal and natural objects that do not conform to Euclidian geometry. While the fractal dimension quantifies how much space is occupied, the Tug-of-War lacunarity complements fractal dimension with its ability to quantify how space is occupied. Analysis was further supplemented by the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix analysis because it quantifies spatial probability distributions of gray level values between pixel pairs within an image. The calculated Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix features included Angular Second Moment, Contrast, Correlation, Inverse Difference Moment and Entropy. Such comprehensive analysis has the advantage of combining fractal analysis that extracts quantitative information about the morphological complexity of the image with the spatial distribution of the gray pixel intensities as calculated by the co-occurrence features provided by Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix. Evolution of deforested areas, expansion of agricultural land and the increased demand for quality timber have affected the forests ecosystems and, the regional sustainable development of local communities.

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“…In the geographical conditions of Romania, where the downhill terrain represents up to 67% of national territory and sustained by a complex number of natural factors, also the intense human intervention in the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century, the wildlife and the soil are confronting major ecological imbalances. As consequence, the soil quality has dropped and the rising recurrence of torrential processes is favoring the surfacing of areas with the typical aspect of semi-desert (Constandache et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the role of improvement perimeters in preventing and combating soil erosion

Moldovan¹,

Tăut²,

Dîrja³

2020

J. Agric. Crop Res

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Work conducted over the course of a year have had as primary purpose the effect of ecological reconstruction through afforestation and other works (support fences, cross and longitudinal works în ravinees) in improvement perimeters Diviciori 1 (compartment 73) and Diviciori 3 (compartment 49). Forest vegetation was installed 30 years ago in 73, according to afforestation formula 7PiN-2Pa (Fr) -1 seadbucktorn and 50 years in 49, according to the afforestation formula: 5PiN-2Pi-3Mo. Stands were led using silvotechnic works were just regarding hygienization, in the first years. However, in the recent past, the trees have suffered due to abiotic factors that favorized the emergence of disease and pests (Lophodermium ssp. and Diprion pini). So as to obtain more relevant scientific data, test surfaces were placed following the methods used in the agricultural field, modified as to fit the forest field, so the data could be statistically processed and allow the recommendation of adequate technical solutions regarding the ecological reconstruction of the damaged terrains. Eight test areas were placed in the forests and limitrophe to them, the collected data concerning the volume of rainfall, the quantity of runoff on each surface, respectively material collected in the designated tanks. Therefore the collected data has been processed in the laboratory, ultimately uncovering the quantity of eroded material and comparing it between the two compartments and the limitrophe land, having the following values: 0.0912 t/ha in 49, 0.1718 t/ha outside 49, 0.0939 t/ha in 73 and 0.1657 outside 73. Keywords: Improvement perimeter, runoff plots, erosion, rainfall, forest bottom

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Achievements and Perspectives on the Improvement by Afforestation of Degraded Lands in Romania

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land

Anti-Erosion Efficiency of Stands Installed On Degraded Land

Application of Fractal and Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Indices to Assess the Forest Dynamics in the Curvature Carpathians—Romania

Studies on the role of improvement perimeters in preventing and combating soil erosion

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