Achieving a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Environment for the Black Orthopaedic Surgeon

Ode, Gabriella E.; Williams, Riley J.; Harrington, Melvyn A.; Bennett, Craig; Hogan, MaCalus V.; Porter, Scott E.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.21.00037

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Proposed strategies to increase African American representation among residencies include actively recruiting persons of color, increasing the diversity of orthopaedic faculty, and department leadership becoming more involved in diversity-related organizations. 20 Such upstream changes would allow for a more diverse applicant pool in the fellowship match, attending physician job market, and, eventually, applicants to NFL TP positions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Team Physicians in the National Football League: The Road to Success and a Call for Diversity

Gillikin,

Lanzetta,

Swiatek

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The role of team physician (TP) in professional sports is a highly coveted position within sports medicine. There is currently limited research on the demographic characteristics of TPs within the National Football League (NFL). Purpose: To identify demographic characteristics and educational backgrounds of NFL head TPs (HTPs) and assistant TPs (ATPs). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A list of TPs was identified through the National Football League Physicians Society (NFLPS). Variables investigated include age, gender, race, medical specialty, location and year of residency and fellowship training, leadership among medical societies and editorial boards, academic rank, and personal Scopus Hirsch index (h-index). Linear regression was performed to determine correlation, and t tests were used to assess differences in the h-index. Results: Of the 170 TPs, 21.2% were HTPs and 78.8% were ATPs. TPs were 97.6% male, 91.2% were non-Hispanic White, and 60% had attained an academic rank. The mean ages of the HTPs and ATPs were a 56.2 ± 9.6 and 52.6 ± 9.6 years, respectively ( P = .047). Among orthopaedic surgeons, the most common subspecialties were sports medicine (70.5%), foot and ankle (7.6%), and spine (5.7%). Of the TPs, 48.2% and 32.9% worked for a team in the same state in which they graduated residency and fellowship, respectively. HTPs and ATPs had been in the NFLPS for a mean of 16.9 ± 10.8 and 8.8 ± 8.3 years, respectively ( P < .001). Further, TPs holding an academic rank had a mean h-index of 14.0 ± 19.3, while those without an academic rank had a mean h-index of 6.2 ± 8.8 ( P < .01). HTPs and ATPs had mean h-indices of 15.7 ± 15.9 and 9.6 ± 16.3 ( P = .0503), respectively. Conclusion: TPs in the NFL are typically White men in their mid-50s who have trained at specific high-ranking institutions and obtained a fellowship in sports medicine. HTPs were likely to be older with longer tenures within the NFLPS and with more impactful research than their ATP counterparts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Team Physicians in the National Football League: The Road to Success and a Call for Diversity

Gillikin,

Lanzetta,

Swiatek

et al. 2023

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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“…The importance of racial and sex diversity in residency is well-recognized. Prior research has demonstrated that underrepresented minority groups perceive limited social support in residency, often endorsing vulnerability and feeling pressure to assimilate 15,16 . Moreover, inadequate diversity may negatively influence patient care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity in the Plastic Surgery Match: The Effect of Program Chair, Program Director, and Faculties’ Race and Sex on Matched Applicants

Steiner

Edalatpour

Seitz

et al. 2023

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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“…28 URiM orthopaedic surgery applicants have lower match rates compared with White applicants. 29 One of the reasons posited for these disparities in match rates is unequal access to information and resources. In the absence of public, sanctioned information sources, applicants rely on personal or social networks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Databases With Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program Information

Bernstein

Wei

et al. 2022

J Am Acad Orthop Surg

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Introduction:Orthopaedic surgery residency applicants submit more applications than ever before. While this issue is multifactorial, increased information and transparency regarding residency programs are important. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness and variability of the information that is currently available regarding orthopaedic residency programs on two publicly available databases, the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA) and the newly created Orthopaedic Residency Information Network (ORIN).Methods:Orthopaedic surgery residency programs were identified and evaluated using FREIDA and ORIN on September 11, 2021. Information on the FRIEDA and ORIN databases were evaluated in the following categories: program overview, the residency application, and education information. Univariate statistical analysis was performed on the data.Results:Of the 194 programs that participated in the FREIDA database, over 48% failed to include basic program information including resident demographics and key application information including USMLE Step requirements. Of the 141 programs that participated in the ORIN database, most the programs did not report USMLE Step median and cutoff scores and clerkship grades. Depending on the database and type of information, factors including the program's National Institutes of Health funding, reputation, size, and type were associated with the availability of information.Conclusion:This study showed that while most orthopaedic surgery residency programs participate in FREIDA and ORIN, the information included was highly variable and incomplete for nearly all programs. Improving the completeness of information in these databases has the potential to allow students to make more informed application decisions.

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Achieving a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Environment for the Black Orthopaedic Surgeon

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Characteristics of Team Physicians in the National Football League: The Road to Success and a Call for Diversity

Characteristics of Team Physicians in the National Football League: The Road to Success and a Call for Diversity

Diversity in the Plastic Surgery Match: The Effect of Program Chair, Program Director, and Faculties’ Race and Sex on Matched Applicants

Evaluating Databases With Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program Information

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