Achieving heat-resistant energetic compounds via silver-catalyzed one-pot cycloaddition of ethyl 2-isocyanoacetate and nitrogen-rich diazonium

Abstract

An efficient strategy of constructing nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-triazole bridged compounds via silver-catalyzed one-pot cycloaddition has been developed, which resulted in the formation of promising heat-resistant materials.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds Assisted Construction of Planar Tricyclic Structures for Insensitive and Highly Thermostable Energetic Materials

“…The resulting tricyclic energetic compounds often exhibit excellent thermal stability, with initial decomposition temperatures exceeding 300 • C. Additionally, they demonstrate impressive energy performance, with detonation velocities that exceed 8800 m s −1 . In 2023, Tang et al [17] employed a silver-catalyzed cyclization reaction to construct 1,2,4-triazole based on a different skeleton, resulting in production of variety of tricyclic energetic compounds. Compounds DTTN and BTTN have decomposition temperatures of 286 • C and 316 • C, respectively.…”

Single Step Synthesis of gem-Dinitro Methyl-1,2,4-triazole and Its Hydroxylamine Salt: An Alternative to the FOX-7 and Other Benchmark Explosives

“…Energetic materials, including propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics, have been crucial in defense, military, and civilian construction for centuries, following the discovery of nitro-glycerine. , The exploration and study of novel energetic materials remain among the most captivating domains in both synthetic inorganic and organic chemistry, as evidenced by the consistently growing literature in recent years. , Of particular interest is the chemistry of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic materials, including triazoles and tetrazoles. , Among all five-membered heterocyclic rings, energetic material researchers have dedicated significant attention to making new derivatives from triazoles due to their straightforward synthesis and the potential for substitution at two free carbon atoms. − Consequently, extensive research has been conducted in this area, leading to the synthesis of several nitromethyl-triazoles and also various other explosophoric group (−NO 2 , −N 3 , −NHNO 2 , etc.) substitutions. , These high-energy heterocycles possess a combination of characteristics crucial for effective explosive materials, including high heats of formation and dense crystal structures. , Additionally, due to their low carbon and hydrogen content, these compounds exhibit favorable oxygen balances. , The energy characteristics of these materials not only impact their performance but also influence their stability and sensitivity. − Molecular structure, elemental composition, and crystalline phases are key factors in determining the detonation performance and mechanical sensitivities of energetic materials . Typically, molecules with high detonation performance tend to have lower thermal stability and higher mechanical sensitivities .…”