Achieving polio eradication in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges

Tagbo, BN

doi:10.4314/njp.v40i1.3

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The polio eradication and endgame strategic plan 2013-2018 has four main objectives: detect and interrupt all polio virus transmission; strengthen immunization systems and withdrawal of oral polio vaccine; contain poliovirus and certify interruption of transmission; and polio's legacy. Along with attaining high routine vaccination coverage rate, conducting National Immunization Days (NIDs) and adopting "mopping up" immunization, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is essential strategy of GPEI [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: An Overview Of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (Gpei):-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nigeria on the Verge of Polio Eradication

B.Z.¹,

T.K.²,

K.H.³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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Section: An Overview Of Global Polio Eradication Initiative (Gpei):-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nigeria on the Verge of Polio Eradication

B.Z.¹,

T.K.²,

K.H.³

et al. 2016

IJAR

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“…Many studies have been conducted to determine the reasons for the challenges associated with polio eradication in Nigeria. Tagbo cited a poor accountability framework as one of the major challenges in achieving polio eradication in Nigeria [ 11 ]. The Independent Monitoring Board of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, in October 2014, and the 27th Expert Review Committee on Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization in Nigeria reports and recommendations also elaborated the need for systematic accountability in Nigeria, in which people are held responsible for delivering results [ 12 , 13 ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of a Systematic Accountability Framework in 2014 to Improve the Performance of the Nigerian Polio Program

et al. 2016

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Background. An accountability framework is a central feature of managing human and financial resources. One of its primary goals is to improve program performance through close monitoring of selected priority activities. The principal objective of this study was to determine the contribution of a systematic accountability framework to improving the performance of the World Health Organization (WHO)–Nigeria polio program staff, as well as the program itself.Methods. The effect of implementation of the accountability framework was evaluated using data on administrative actions and select process indicators associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance, routine immunization, and polio supplemental immunization activities. Data were collected in 2014 during supportive supervision, using Magpi software (a company that provides service to collect data using mobile phones). A total of 2500 staff were studied.Results. Data on administrative actions and process indicators from quarters 2–4 in 2014 were compared. With respect to administrative actions, 1631 personnel (74%) received positive feedback (written or verbal commendation) in quarter 4 through the accountability framework, compared with 1569 (73%) and 1152 (61%) during quarters 3 and 2, respectively. These findings accorded with data on process indicators associated with AFP surveillance and routine immunization, showing statistically significant improvements in staff performance at the end of quarter 4, compared with other quarters.Conclusions. Improvements in staff performance and process indicators were observed for the WHO-Nigeria polio program after implementation of a systematic accountability framework.

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“…Global efforts at eradicating poliomyelitis through vaccination has recorded successes but not without challenges. The dramatic progress in reducing the virus incidence had been made as at year 2000 (17) but polio has remained endemic in few countries (8,17). Failure of the oral poliovirus vaccine and the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cvPV) are part of the main challenges facing global eradication of the disease (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polioviruses are RNA viruses that colonize the gastrointestinal tract particularly the intestine and oropharynx. They infect humans alone and are of three serotypes; poliovirus type 1 (PV1), type 2 (PV2), and type 3 (PV3), with slight differences between each based on the make-up of their capsid protein (8). Vaccination against poliovirus infection came about in 1955 with the introduction of live-attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) (Sabin types 1, 2 and 3) and 1961, with inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of poliovirus-specific IgA and cytokine levels in the sera of Ascaris lumbricoides-infected and helminth-negative Nigerian children after oral poliovirus vaccination

Akinwande¹,

Arinola²

2021

Af J Clin Exp Micro

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Background: Intestinal helminth infection is associated with altered immune responses and compromised vaccine efficacy in infected children. Altered immune response due to Ascaris lumbricoides infection may compromise efficacy of oral poliovirus vaccination in children. There is no information on humoral immune response during oral poliovirus (OP) vaccination of A. lumbricoides–infected Nigerian children. The objective of this study is to determine the serum levels of cytokines (tumour necrosis factor–alpha TNF-α, interferongamma IFN–γ, interleukins -4, -6, -8, -10) and poliovirus-specific IgA (PV-IgA) antibody in children infected with A. lumbricoides compared with helminth-negative children (control) before and after oral poliovirus vaccination. Methodology: Twenty-three A. lumbricoides-infected children between ages 5-15 years (13 males and 10 females) and 23 age (4-15 years) and sex-matched helminth-negative children who met selection criteria were enrolled into the study after ethical approval and informed consent. Their stool samples were examined for helminth ova using concentration technique. Sera were collected before and 3 weeks after OP vaccinations, and serum concentrations of IFN–γ, TNF–α, IL-4, -6, -8, -10, and poliovirus-specific IgA concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The level of statistical significance was set at α0.05. Results: Pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with pre-vaccination levels in helminth-negative children. Postvaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were significantly higher in A. lumbricoides–infected children compared with post-vaccination serum levels in helminth-negative children. In the A. lumbricoides-infected children, pre-vaccination serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher compared with post vaccination levels while pre-vaccination serum levels of IFN–γ, IL–4 and IL-8 were significantly higher in helminth-negative children compared with the post-vaccination levels. There was no significant reduction in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA compared with level before vaccination in A. lumbricoides-infected children. Also, there was no significant increase in post-vaccination median serum level of PV-IgA compared with level before vaccination in helminth-negative children. Conclusion: Oral polio vaccine administration caused decrease expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in A. lumbricoides-infected school children, and A. lumbricoides infection may reduce PV-IgA production following OP vaccination. Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides infection, cytokines, children, poliovirus vaccination

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Achieving polio eradication in Nigeria: Prospects and challenges

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Nigeria on the Verge of Polio Eradication

Nigeria on the Verge of Polio Eradication

Implementation of a Systematic Accountability Framework in 2014 to Improve the Performance of the Nigerian Polio Program

Comparative analysis of poliovirus-specific IgA and cytokine levels in the sera of Ascaris lumbricoides-infected and helminth-negative Nigerian children after oral poliovirus vaccination

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