Achieving reusability of leachate for multi-element recovery of the discarded LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 cathode by regulating the co-precipitation coefficient

Upcycling spent lithium-ion battery cathodes into cobalt-polyphenol networks by DES dissolution and solvent-induced crystallization

“…In contrast to other works, our scheme exhibits enhancements in recycling efficiency, recyclability, and ease of recycling (purple region). 29–31 We also explored the applicability of the scheme. When NCM111 and NCM523 served as metal sources, over 97.72% and 92.53% of metal ions could be recovered, respectively (Fig.…”

Realizing Lean-Leachate Recycling of Spent Lithium Nickel Oxides by Dynamically Stabilizing the Hole-Mediated Diffusion Kinetics

“…Fundamentally, the apparent reaction rate of hydrometallurgical recycling process of spent LIBs, as in any other chemical engineering process which involves the reaction at the solid/liquid interface, is determined by the rate of chemical reaction (chemical reaction controlled) or the rate of mass transfer (diffusion controlled). 10 As the reaction proceeds, the reaction rate would continuously decay due to the decreased mass transfer efficiency when the concentration of the reaction product accumulates, which not only hinders the further improvement of the efficiency but also challenges the reduction of leachate consumption. Because the concentration of the product would increase even faster when using less leachate.…”

“…Nevertheless, for a given leachate system, the simultaneous enhancement of the two properties (less volume of mild leachate vs high leaching efficiency) is still challenging because they usually have contradictory requirement for the reactivity of the leachate. Fundamentally, the apparent reaction rate of hydrometallurgical recycling process of spent LIBs, as in any other chemical engineering process which involves the reaction at the solid/liquid interface, is determined by the rate of chemical reaction (chemical reaction controlled) or the rate of mass transfer (diffusion controlled) . As the reaction proceeds, the reaction rate would continuously decay due to the decreased mass transfer efficiency when the concentration of the reaction product accumulates, which not only hinders the further improvement of the efficiency but also challenges the reduction of leachate consumption.…”

Modulating Solvent Layer Structure of Li+ to Achieve a Stable High-Voltage Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…To meet the increasing demand for energy density, raising the battery voltage is usually the most effective method. Among these, high-voltage cathode materials (>4.5 V vs Li/Li + ), such as lithium-rich compounds, olivine-type LiMPO 4 (M is Ni, Co), , and spinel-type LiCoMnO 4 and LiNi x Co y Mn 1‑x‑y O 2 , are of particular interest. , Among them, LiCoO 2 cathode (LCO) materials are preferred for portable electronic devices due to their higher redox potential difference, higher energy density, − and good electrochemical performance and energy storage characteristics. However, as high-voltage charging progresses (>4.2 V vs Li/Li), commonly used carbonate-based electrolytes containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) are easy to oxidize, leading to the thickening of the passivation layer, loss of active lithium, and dissolution of transition metals, which can cause electrode structure instability. , Moreover, the electrodes may experience surface degradation, damage caused by harmful phase transitions, and uneven reactions and are also prone to oxidative decomposition at high voltages, leading to rapid declines in capacity, efficiency, and cycle life.…”