Achieving the 30% Goal: Energy and Cost Savings Analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Thornton, Brian; Rosenberg, Michael; Richman, Eric E.; Wang, Weimin; Xie, YuLong; Zhang, Jian; Cho, Heejin; Mendon, Vrushali V.; Athalye, Rahul A.; Liu, Bing

doi:10.2172/1015277

Cited by 93 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since the publication of the report, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has made numerous enhancements to the original prototype models that are now compliant with 2004,2007,2010 and 2013 editions of AHSRAE standard 90.1 [31].…”

Section: S Department Of Energy Commercial Reference Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

Maccarini

Wetter

Afshari

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper analyzes the performance of a novel two-pipe system that operates one water loop to simultaneously provide space heating and cooling with a water supply temperature of around 22°C.To analyze the energy performance of the system, a simulation-based research was conducted. The two-pipe system was modelled using the equation-based Modelica modeling language in Dymola.A typical office building model was considered as the case study. Simulations were run for two construction sets of the building envelope and two conditions related to inter-zone air flows. To calculate energy savings, a conventional four-pipe system was modelled and used for comparison.The conventional system presented two separated water loops for heating and cooling with supply temperatures of 45°C and 14°C, respectively. Simulation results showed that the two-pipe system was able to use less energy than the four-pipe system thanks to three effects: useful heat transfer from warm to cold zones, higher free cooling potential and higher efficiency of the heat pump. In particular, the two-pipe system used approximately between 12% and 18% less total annual primary energy than the four-pipe system, depending on the simulation case considered. KeywordsEnergy saving, HVAC systems, low-exergy, simulation, Modelica, active beams

show abstract

Section: S Department Of Energy Commercial Reference Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

Maccarini

Wetter

Afshari

et al. 2017

Energy and Buildings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The description of the building, HVAC systems, internal loads, operating schedules, and other key model inputs are summarized in scorecard spreadsheet files that are also available from the web site. The detailed methodology and modeling strategy used to develop these prototype models as well as the energy and cost saving analysis is presented in [22]. From these prototype buildings, the three types of office buildings with different sizes, small, medium and large, were chosen for this study.…”

Section: Prototype Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To analyze the variation in the HVAC and building total source energy for all office buildings in the U.S., the source energy use are aggregated across the 15 U.S. cities using weighting factors based on the volume of new construction in each of the 15 cities [22]. The percentage changes at the national level are then calculated and shown in Fig.…”

Section: Weather Impact On the Hvac And Building Total Source Energy mentioning

confidence: 99%

A fresh look at weather impact on peak electricity demand and energy use of buildings using 30-year actual weather data

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Buildings consume more than one third of the world's total primary energy. Weather plays a unique and significant role as it directly affects the thermal loads and thus energy performance of buildings. The traditional simulated energy performance using Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) weather data represents the building performance for a typical year, but not necessarily the average or typical long-term performance as buildings with different energy systems and designs respond differently to weather changes. Furthermore, the single-year TMY simulations do not provide a range of results that capture yearly variations due to changing weather, which is important for building energy management, and for performing risk assessments of energy efficiency investments. This paper employs large-scale building simulation (a total of 3162 runs) to study the weather impact on peak electricity demand and energy use with the 30-year (1980 to 2009) Actual Meteorological Year (AMY) weather data for three types of office buildings at two design efficiency levels, across all 17 ASHRAE climate zones. The simulated results using the AMY data are compared to those from the TMY3 data to determine and analyze the differences. Besides further demonstration, as done by other studies, that actual weather has a significant impact on both the peak electricity demand and energy use of buildings, the main findings from the current study include: 1) annual weather variation has a greater impact on the peak electricity demand than it does on energy use in buildings; 2) the simulated energy use using the TMY3 weather data is not necessarily representative of the average energy use over a long period, and the TMY3 results can be significantly higher or lower than those from the AMY data; 3) the weather impact is greater for buildings in colder climates than warmer climates; 4) the weather impact on the medium-sized office building was the greatest, followed by the large office and then the small office; and 5) simulated energy savings and peak demand reduction by energy conservation measures using the TMY3 weather data can be significantly underestimated or overestimated. It is crucial to run multi-decade simulations with AMY weather data to fully assess the impact of weather on the long-term performance of buildings, and to evaluate the energy savings potential of energy conservation measures for new and existing buildings from a life cycle perspective.

show abstract

“…Figure 6 shows the axonometric view of the big-box retail store modeled in this work. This building model is based on the stand-alone retail building prototype used to support ASHRAE Standard 90.1 development (Thornton et al 2011). However, the footprint area was tripled to better represent big-box stores, which are deemed as a major market for RTU Challenge units.…”

Section: Figure 5: Comparison Of Predicted and Measured Eir Modifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part-Load Performance Characterization and Energy Savings Potential of the RTU Challenge Unit: Daikin Rebel

Wang¹,

Katipamula²

2013

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technology Office (DOE's BTO), with help from the Better Buildings Alliance (BBA) members, developed a specification (RTU Challenge) for high performance rooftop air-conditioning units with capacity ranges between 10 and 20 tons (DOE 2013). Daikin's Rebel was the first rooftop unit system recognized by DOE in May 2012 as meeting the RTU Challenge specifications. This report documents the development of partload performance curves and there use with the EnergyPlus simulation tool to estimate the potential savings from the use of Rebel units compared to other standard options.The conventional direct-expansion cooling model in EnergyPlus and its performance curve equations are not appropriate to use to capture the Rebel's performance; therefore, performance curves suitable for the Rebel unit were developed. The data for the performance curves were collected through a series of laboratory tests.A detailed EnergyPlus model was developed for a prototypical big-box retail store. The model used the new performance curves along with detailed energy management control code to estimate the energy consumption of the prototypical big-box retail store in three locations (Houston, Log Angeles and Chicago). The energy consumption by the big-box store was then compared to a store that used three different reference units. The first reference unit (Reference 1) represents existing rooftop units (RTUs) in the field, so it can be considered as the baseline to estimate potential energy savings from other RTU replacement options. The second reference unit (Reference 2) represents RTUs in the market that just meet the current (2013) Federal regulations for commercial equipment standards. So, it can be used as the baseline to estimate the potential for energy savings from Rebel units in comparison with new RTUs that meet the minimum efficiency requirements. The third reference unit (Reference 3) represents the latest ASHRAE 90.1-2010 requirements. For RTUs with cooling capacity greater than 11,000 Btu/h, ASHRAE 90.1-2010 (ASHRAE 2010) requires two-speed fan control or variable-speed fan control.The following conclusion can be drawn about the comparison of energy cost for Rebel unit with the three reference units:• Using Reference 1 as the baseline, Rebel units lead to about 45% lower heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy cost in Houston and Los Angeles, and 33% lower cost in Chicago. The percentage savings of electricity cost averages around 50% for all three locations.• Using Reference 2 as the baseline, Rebel units lead to about 37% lower HVAC energy cost in Houston, 40% lower cost in Los Angeles, and 29% lower cost in Chicago. The percentage savings of electricity cost is 40%, 42%, and 50%, respectively in the above three locations.• Using Reference 3 as the baseline, Rebel units lead to about 27% lower HVAC energy cost in Houston, 18% lower cost in Los Angeles, and 15% lower cost in Chicago. The percentage savings of electricity cost is 30%, 19%, and 28%, r...

show abstract

Achieving the 30% Goal: Energy and Cost Savings Analysis of ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

A fresh look at weather impact on peak electricity demand and energy use of buildings using 30-year actual weather data

Part-Load Performance Characterization and Energy Savings Potential of the RTU Challenge Unit: Daikin Rebel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About