Achillea schurii Flowers: Chemical, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Investigations

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the phenolic profile, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Achillea schurii Sch.-Bip., an endemic species from Romania that has not been investigated yet. The chromatographic profile of the phenolic components was obtained using the HPLC-MS method, while the total polyphenol, flavonoid, caffeic acid derivative contents were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methods: DPPH radical scavenging, hemoglobin ascorbate peroxidase activity inhibition (HAPX), inhibition of lipid peroxidation catalyzed by cytochrome c, and direct detection of plant-derived free radicals using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The antimicrobial test was performed using the disk diffusion assay. The phenolic profile has revealed high amounts of isoquercitrin, rutin, luteolin, and apigenin. The A. schurii extract exhibited a good antioxidant capacity, and high phenolic contents (76.93 mg/g polyphenols, 18.61 mg/g flavonoids and 41.48 mg/g caffeic acid derivatives, respectively). The antimicrobial tests reveal a remarkable inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium. Considering the above, A. schurii may be deemed to offer good perspectives for pharmaceutical and industrial applications.

Mentha spicata L. infusions as sources of antioxidant phenolic compounds: emerging reserve lots with special harvest requirements

“…Compound 2 presented a UV spectrum and product ions similar to p-coumaric acid. The presence of p-coumaric acid was previously reported in this species by different authors, 8,11,13,14 although that identity was discarded in our case, since the compound detected herein eluted earlier than a standard of p-coumaric acid. Therefore, peak 2 was just tentatively assigned as a p-coumaric acid derivative.…”

“…u; loss of a deoxyhexosyl-hexoside residue), which allowed its assignment as chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside, taking into account its previous identification in another Mentha species, such as Mentha × villosa. 21 The presence of luteolin-7-O-glucoside and luteolin has been reported in M. spicata, 7,8,13,14,22 although, to the best of our knowledge, the two compounds detected herein have not been reported in M. spicata. The M. spicata reserve lot presented a higher concentration of all the identified compounds than the standard lot, and both types of samples presented rosmarinic acid as the most abundant phenolic compound.…”

“…, accompanied by a secondary fragment ion at m/z 179 with approximately 75% abundance of the base peak, which allowed identifying it as 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid according to the fragmentation pattern described by Clifford et al 12 To the best of our knowledge these compounds have never been reported as such in M. spicata, although many researchers 8,11,[13][14][15] describe the presence of chlorogenic acid in this plant without indicating the particular caffeoylquinic acid they are referring to. Compound 2 presented a UV spectrum and product ions similar to p-coumaric acid.…”

Evaluation of Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Properties of Achillea gypsicola at Different Phenological Stages

“…kotschyi , A. lycaonica , respectively, 96.93 mg GAE/g DW in A. schurii , 22.76–113.34 mg GAE/g DW in A. biebersteinii , 23.62–41.13 mg GAE/g DW in A. phyrgia in many studies. On the other hand, TFC values were reported in previous researches between 4.12 and 79.163 mg QE/g DW . It has been seen that there is no research about A. gypsicola at the literature reviews among Achillea species in terms of TFC.…”

“…It was reported that some Achillea species had the phenolic and flavonoid compounds in previous many studies. The major polyphenols of species belonging to Achillea genus were determined as rutin and isoquercitrin in A. schurii , 7‐ O ‐ β ‐glucosyl apigenin in A. moschata , sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid in A. phyrgia , gallic acid and rutin in A. aucheri , caffeic acid and 1,3‐dicaffeoylquinic acid in A. millefolium , chlorogenic acid and apigenin in A. filipendulina , p ‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, luteolin‐7‐ O ‐glycoside, luteolin and quercetin in A. pachycephala by the researchers.…”