Achiral and chiral determination of tramadol and its metabolites in urine by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract

An achiral and chiral separation for the determination of tramadol and its main metabolite O-demethyltramadol in urine samples by CE with UV detection was developed. It was possible to separate tramadol and its phase I and phase II metabolites in one single run using a borate buffer. Furthermore, the simultaneous chiral separation of tramadol and the phase I metabolites was achieved using carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector. To reach the required limits of quantification for the analytes, a preconcentration by solid-phase extraction for the achiral assay and by liquid-liquid extraction for the chiral assay was used. The methods were validated and their applicability was shown by the determination of tramadol and O-demethyltramadol in urine samples.

Contribution of Glucuronidation to Tramadol Disposition in Early Neonatal Life

“…In adults, Kurth et al (1999) used capillary electrophesis to separate the various metabolites of tramadol. Based on urine collected in one healthy adult following oral administration of 100 mg tramadol, the M1G/M1GF is about 50%.…”

Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for the Determination of Tramadol: A Review

“…The optimised method was used for the determination of tramadol and M1 in human urine after an LLE. 26 Partial filling CE coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) was used for the simultaneous determination of tramadol and phase I metabolites after a preliminary LLE. Partial filling technique was used in order to prevent MS contamination with the chiral selector.…”

Microdialysis Coupled with Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Continuous Monitoring of Free Tramadol in Rabbit Blood

“…Determination of the tramadol hydrochloride have been described by several methods including high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet visible 10 , fluorescence 11 , diode array 12 , mass spectrometry detector 13,14 , gas chromatography with flame ionization detection 15,16 and capillary electrophoresis with UV or laser-induced native fluorescence detection [17][18][19][20][21][22] . However, these methods comprise sample manipulations, extraction steps, derivatization reactions that are liable to various interferences as well as being not applicable to colored and turbid solutions.…”