Achromobacter spp. healthcare associated infections in the French West Indies: a longitudinal study from 2006 to 2016

Abstract

Background Bacteria of the Achromobacter genus, more particularly xylosoxidans species, are responsible for various healthcare associated infections (HAI) which are increasingly described since the last decade. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are considered as potential reservoirs in hospitals. We performed a retrospective study to estimate the frequencies of Achromobacter spp. HAI among patients from French West Indies, to determine characteristics of infected patients and establish a possible link between CF and infections. Methods All adults with at least one Achromobacter spp. positive sample and infection criteria in accordance with European official definitions of HAI, hospitalized in University Hospital of Martinique from 2006 to 2016 for more than 48 h, were included. Patient clinical features, immune status and underlying diseases were obtained from medical files. A list of CF patients was given by clinicians. Antibiotic-susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined using an automated method. Results Mean incidence density was 0.038/1000 days of hospitalization. Achromobacter spp. HAI evolved as an endemic situation with a low but pretty much stable incidence rate over the 11-year observation period. An epidemic peak was noticed in 2013. Among the 66 included patients, 56.1% were immunocompetent and no one had CF. Pneumonia and bacteraemia were the two main HAI. Among the 79 isolated strains, 92.4% were resistant to at least 1 major antibiotic and 16.4% met the definition of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Conclusions This microorganism, little known in our country because of the scarcity of CF patients, represents a threat for both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients and a therapeutic challenge because of its high resistance.

Characterization of Novel Lytic Bacteriophages of Achromobacter marplantensis Isolated from a Pneumonia Patient

“…Achromobacter spp. are emerging pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, as well as immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients [ 1 , 2 ]. They can cause pulmonary infections, bacteremia, cellulitis, ophthalmic infections and meningitis [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Atypical Microbiological Feature of Infectious Endophthalmitis on Jeju Island: A 10-Year Study at a Single Tertiary Referral Center

“…Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a very rare cause of infectious endophthalmitis. This microorganism adapts well in humid and warm climates [ 35 ]. According to Holmes et al, several strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans were introduced, and the sources of detection included blood, urine, sputum, swimming pools, and water tanks.…”

Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant, toxic metal-tolerant and biofilm-forming bacteria in hospital surroundings

“…The outbreak of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa , C. davise , A. baumannii and Proteus mirabilis has been reported from hospital environment of Italy [ 93 ], Ethiopia [ 94 ], Korea [ 95 ], Malaysia [ 96 ], Mexico [ 97 ] and United States [ 98 ] and India [ 89 ]. Various healthcare-associated infections primarily by Achromobacter xylosoxidans has been reported in hospital settings of China [ 92 ], Tanzania [ 91 ], French West Indies [ 99 ].…”