Achronal Cosmic Future

Abstract

The spherically symmetric accretion of dark and phantom energy onto Morris-Thorne wormholes is considered. It is obtained that the accretion of phantom energy leads to a gradual increase of the wormhole throat radius which eventually overtakes the superaccelerated expansion of the Universe and becomes infinite at a time in the future before the occurrence of the big rip singularity. After that time, as it continues accreting phantom energy, the wormhole becomes an Einstein-Rosen bridge whose corresponding mass decreases rapidly and vanishes at the big rip.

Controlled Self-Organization of Atom Vacancies in Monatomic Gallium Layers

“…Dark VLs meander perpendicular to the Ga adatom rows [6]. From these images, we identified several m 1 unit cells where ma is the spacing between neighboring Ga vacancies along the 1 10 direction (a 0:384 nm is the lattice constant).…”

“…A row of Ga atoms is adsorbed at the (111)-like step-edge sites of the Si(112) surface, while a second row of Ga atoms is adsorbed on the terrace sites [ Fig. 1(d) and 1(e)] [6]. The resulting zigzag chains are interrupted by the meandering VLs.…”

“…The resulting zigzag chains are interrupted by the meandering VLs. For each m 1 unit cell, there are m ÿ 1 Ga atoms on the terrace sites whereas the number of step-edge Ga atoms fluctuates between m ÿ 2 and m [6]. Therefore, in order to acquire statistical information on the distribution of unit cell sizes, one needs to collect large-scale images and count the number of terrace atoms within each unit cell.…”

“…can be estimated from bulk ÿ kT ln p c =p s , where p c and p s are the Ga vapor pressures inside the effusion cell and at the sample, respectively [6].…”

“…Detailed experimental procedures for obtaining the Ga=Si 112 n 1 surface reconstruction have been reported elsewhere [6]. The n 1 periodicity was controlled by adjusting the Ga flux.…”