Acid Activated Montmorillonite as Catalysts in Methyl Esterification Reactions of Lauric Acid

Optimization and kinetic study of methyl laurate synthesis using ionic liquid [Hnmp]HSO 4 as a catalyst

“…ferric alginate [31] and CePW 12 O 40 [32]. But, the conversion was better than that achieved using montmorillonite K10 [33], MMT-NO 3 [34] and $\text{S}{\text{O}}_4^{2-}/\mathrm{Sn}{\text{O}}_2-\text{Si}{\text{O}}_2$ [35]. In this study, the IL [Hnmp]HSO 4 showed some advantages in our case.…”

Kinetics of ethylic esterification of lauric acid on acid activated montmorillonite (STx1-b) as catalyst

“…The bands indicated with an asterisk (⁄) in the range of 2850-2960 cm À1 , arise from small organic contaminants. The increase of the band at 798 cm À1 is attributed to the increase of trydimite amount based on the montmorillonite structure collapse, as also shown by the broad band around 1100 cm À1 , attributed to the Si-O stretching vibration [30,54].…”

“…The activated montmorillonite STx1-b was characterized and compared with its raw material and to results presented in the lit- erature that used the same activation procedure [30,53,54]. Fig.…”

Catalytic Ethanol Dehydration over Different Acid-activated Montmorillonite Clays

“…After activation of MMT, the Si/ Al ratio apparently increased because of the removal of Al cation in structure and Al 3 ion was probably replaced by H ion as illustrated in Scheme 2. Among other acid-activated MMT catalysts, HA-MMT exhibited the highest Si/Al ratio 5.45 revealing that higher Brønsted acid sites occurred by the replacement of Al 3 with H from HCl activation 25 . The increase in acidity can be proven by NH 3 -TPD measurement.…”

“…As seen, MMT exhibited the XRD characteristic peaks around 2θ 5.9 indicating the smectite 24 and 2θ 20, 22 and 36 . It was reported that the peak at 2θ 21.8 having basal distance of 4.08Å is the impurities such as cristobalite and tridimite remaining in the MMT after acid treatment 25 . The basal spacing d 001 reflection of MMT is 15.2 Å at 2θ of 5.8, SA-MMT is 15.0 Å at 2θ of 5.9, HA-MMT is 14.8 Å at 2θ of 5.9 and NA-MMT is 14.8 Å at 2θ of 5.9.…”