Acid and alkaline phosphatase activities and pathological changes induced in Tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) exposed subchronically to microcystins from toxic cyanobacterial blooms under laboratory conditions

Renal accumulation and effects of intraperitoneal injection of extracted microcystins in omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

“…Some of these alterations are consistent with those of Kotak et al (1996) and Molina et al (2005), who tested the effects of MCs on rainbow trout injected with a lethal dose of 1000 mg MC-LR kg À1 bw and tilapia fish exposed to cyanobacterial cells (60.0 mg MC-LR/fish per day), respectively. These results are also similar to our previous observation in bighead carp, in which dilated Bowman's space, partial fusion of foot processes and proliferation of mesangial cells in glomeruli, and hydropic mitochondria and nuclear deformation in renal tubules were found when bighead carp were exposed to a naturally cyanobacteria blooms in Taihu Lake (Li et al, 2008).…”

“…were exposed for 21 days to cyanobacterial cells (60.0 mg MC-LR/fish per day), ultrastructural examination also revealed dilation of Bowman's space, increase of lysosomes and necrotic epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei in the tubules (Molina et al, 2005). Similarly, Atencio et al (2008) observed dilated Bowman's space, decrease of the glomerular component, tubular necrosis in tenca (Tinca tinca) orally exposed to cyanobacterial cells dosing 5, 11, 25 and 55 mg MC-LR/fish mixed with the food.…”

Plasma biochemical responses of the omnivorous crucian carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts

“…MC-induced alteration of the activities of plasma enzymes (e.g. ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH) are frequently used to determine the toxic effects of microcystins (Råbergh et al 1991;Vajcová et al 1998;Malbrouck et al 2003;Molina et al 2005). These enzymes are present at low concentrations in plasma, and increases of their activities in plasma indicate the development of tissue lesions, particularly hepatic lesion (Malbrouck et al 2003).…”

“…Råbergh et al (1991) reported rather irregular changes in the activities of plasma enzymes (ALT, LDH, and AST) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) after an intraperitoneal injection of 150 lg pure MC-LR kg -1 BW. Few studies have demonstrated ALP activity alterations caused by microcystins in fish (Molina et al 2005). In the current experiment, significant increases in the activities of ALT, ALP, and AST were observed 1 h post injection, and LDH activity increased dramatically from 3 h; the magnitude of increase was in the order ALT [ ALP [ AST [ LDH.…”

“…MC-induced liver damage has been correlated with the elevation of the activity of some plasma enzymes, for example alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (Fischer and Dietrich 2000;Malbrouck et al 2003Malbrouck et al , 2006Molina et al 2005). Pathological alterations in the blood activities of these enzymes are generally a result of hepatocyte leakage after cellular alteration or damage (Bernet et al 2001;Malbrouck et al 2006).…”