Acid-base and electrolyte balance regulations with phytonutrients

Alam, Waqas; Khan, Haroon; Ahmad, Imad

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824356-5.00003-5

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…A similar scenario was reported in the EO-rich plant Felicia muricata, in which the dry leaf oil with a higher composition of sesquiterpenes showed a higher oil yield than its monoterpene-rich fresh leaf oil counterpart [35]. Biologically, caryophyllene oxide is known for its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties [37][38][39]. Thus, the presence of limonene, caryophyllene oxide, and other bioactive EO constituents in C. limon may further confer considerable medicinal properties on the Lisbon lemon plant grown in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Citrus limon Wastes from Part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Medicinal, Sustainable Agricultural, and Bio-Resource Potential

Nodola,

Miya,

Mazwi

et al. 2024

Molecules

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The fruits of Citrus limon are often purchased for their vitamin C-rich juice, while the fruit peel and the tree leaves are discarded as wastes. This study obtained the chemical profiles of the essential oils (EOs) of C. limon wastes (the peel and leaves), evaluated their medicinal value as antioxidants, their potential for sustainable use in agriculture as an insecticide for post-harvest preservation of grains, and their potential as a bioresource in livestock feed formulations. The EOs were isolated from C. limon leaves and peel using a hydro-distillation method on a Clevenger apparatus. The oil constituents were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) hyphenated technique. The oils were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods. An insecticidal study was conducted using contact toxicity, fumigation, and repellence bioassay methods against Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevils). Finally, the predicted income from using lemon peel as an alternative or substitute ingredient for maize in livestock feed formulations was obtained through a conventional simulation method. Chemically, limonene was found to be present in all the EOs analyzed (12–52%), while α-pinene was only found in the fresh leaf and peel oils (13.3% and 10.6%). Caryophyllene oxide was identified as the major component of the dried leaf oil (17.7%). At 20 µg m, the dry peel oil exhibited the highest inhibitory activity (52.41 ± 0.26%) against the DPPH radical, which was comparable to L-ascorbic acid (a standard antioxidant) at 54.25 ± 3.55%. The insecticidal study revealed that the dry peel oil is a better insect repellent (73.33 ± 6.95% at 10 µL) and fumigant (LC50 = 0.17 µL g−1 after 48 h) natural agent compared to the peel oil. Conversely, the dry peel oil showed a better contact activity (LC50 = 1.69 µL g−1) against the maize weevils compared to the dry leaf oil. The simulation study showed the cost of using dry lemon peel as an alternative to maize in livestock feed formulation to be ZAR 2.8 billion, compared against the higher cost of feed formulation with maize, which currently stands at ZAR 24.9 billion. This study has shown that C. limon wastes (the peel and leaves) contain EOs with unique chemical profiles, valuable medicinal properties as free radical scavengers, and considerable insecticidal properties for agricultural use in post-harvest grain preservation, presenting a cost-effective and promising bioresource for livestock feed production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Citrus limon Wastes from Part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Medicinal, Sustainable Agricultural, and Bio-Resource Potential

Nodola,

Miya,

Mazwi

et al. 2024

Molecules

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“…Further, changes in synaptic oxidation and oxygen levels could cause neurotransmitter decline. Phytochemicals might also regulate antioxidant enzyme gene expression, aiding in oxidative stress reduction ( 183 ) and act as acid–base regulators ( 184 ), highlighting the interconnected roles of these dietary components in mental health. Other DPs, like the Nordic diet, and diets rich in HEI adequacy components, share nutritional profiles similar to the Mediterranean diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome

Basso,

Zorzan,

Johnstone

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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Anxiety disorders disproportionally affect females and are frequently comorbid with eating disorders. With the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, focus has been put on the impact of diet quality in anxiety pathophysiology and gut microbiome underlying mechanisms. While the relationship between diet and anxiety is bidirectional, improving dietary habits could better facilitate the actions of pharmacological and psychological therapies, or prevent their use. A better understanding of how gut bacteria mediate and moderate such relationship could further contribute to develop personalized programs and inform probiotics and prebiotics manufacturing. To date, studies that look simultaneously at diet, the gut microbiome, and anxiety are missing as only pairwise relationships among them have been investigated. Therefore, this study aims at summarizing and integrating the existing knowledge on the dietary effects on anxiety with focus on gut microbiome. Findings on the effects of diet on anxiety are critically summarized and reinterpreted in relation to findings on (i) the effects of diet on the gut microbiome composition, and (ii) the associations between the abundance of certain gut bacteria and anxiety. This novel interpretation suggests a theoretical model where the relationship between diet and anxiety is mediated and/or modulated by the gut microbiome through multiple mechanisms. In parallel, this study critically evaluates methodologies employed in the nutritional field to investigate the effects of diet on anxiety highlighting a lack of systematic operationalization and assessment strategies. Therefore, it ultimately proposes a novel evidence-based approach that can enhance studies validity, reliability, systematicity, and translation to clinical and community settings.

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Acid-base and electrolyte balance regulations with phytonutrients

Cited by 2 publications

References 66 publications

Citrus limon Wastes from Part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Medicinal, Sustainable Agricultural, and Bio-Resource Potential

Citrus limon Wastes from Part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa: Medicinal, Sustainable Agricultural, and Bio-Resource Potential

Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome

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