Acid-base bifunctional catalyst with coordinatively unsaturated cobalt-nitrogen sites for the simultaneous conversion of microalgal triglycerides and free fatty acids into biodiesel

“Domino” synthesis of bio-derived anethole over facile-prepared hafnium phosphonate frameworks with efficient bifunctional acid sites

“…9d) suggested that PA–Hf–SO 3 H (1.5 : 1) maintained excellent thermal stability as well; the greater mass loss of the reused catalyst might have been due to the high-temperature desorption of the adsorbed organics. 20 In general, PA–Hf–SO 3 H (1.5 : 1) possessed satisfactory reusability and could be utilized as a highly effective catalyst for the preparation of trans -AN by the MPV reduction–dehydration cascade reaction.…”

“…Lewis-acid sites can be generated by introducing metal atoms into the inherent structure of the catalyst through an in situ-controlled synthesis strategy (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, 17 metallic oxides 18 ). In addition, Lewis-acid sites can be generated by post-synthetic methods such as ion exchange, 19 high-temperature calcination, 20 and acid-base leaching. 21 Thanks to the advantages of more mild reaction conditions and higher selectivity of homogeneous Lewis-acid catalysts, 22 some inorganic salts such as Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , 23 FeCl 3 (ref.…”

“…, metal–organic frameworks, 17 metallic oxides 18 ). In addition, Lewis-acid sites can be generated by post-synthetic methods such as ion exchange, 19 high-temperature calcination, 20 and acid–base leaching. 21…”

Highly Active Ni Nanocatalysts Derived from Metal–Organic Framework (Ni-BDC) Boosted Deoxygenation and Cracking of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters

“…The pyridine bands were observed at ∼1450 and ∼1540 cm −1 , corresponding to the Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, respectively (Figure 6b). 38 With the increase in the pyrolysis temperature from 7). Clearly, the optimal reaction temperature for the conversion of methyl palmitate over Ni-BDC and Ni-BDC-T catalysts was 440 °C, during which the highest total selectivity was attained.…”

Functionalized organic–inorganic hybrid porous coordination polymer-based catalysts for biodiesel production via trans/esterification

“…Lately, Guo and his coworkers reported two similar novel bifunctional magnetic high-efficiency catalysts with Co and N in various coordination states derived from the pyrolysis of ZIF-67. 156,157 In particular, the contributions of different coordinated Co (Co-N x ) and N to trans/esterification were investi-gated in detail. According to density functional theory calculations, the adsorption energy of Co-N x increased with the decrease in the coordination numbers of N; among them, the adsorption energy of cobalt nanoparticles was −1.345 eV, which indicated that more acetic acid could be adsorbed on cobalt nanoparticles, thus improving the activity of carbonium ions and promoting the esterification reaction.…”