“…In particular under alkaline conditions, the metabolic activity of live cells acts as a source of protons in addition to deprotonation of cell wall functional groups (Claessens et al, 2004). Microorganisms with a (aerobic) respiratory metabolism produce or consume protons to adjust the external pH to neutral values, whereas obligate fermentative organisms have a limited ability to modify the pH of their surroundings (Rius et al, 1998).…”