49Hexahydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (piperazic acid, Piz) is a novel cyclic a-hydrazino acid, and a subunit often found in cyclic depsipeptides. Both of its enantiomeric forms have been encountered in many pharmacologically active molecules that include the azinothricin family of antitumor antibiotics, 1) verucopeptin, 2) the aurantimycins, 3) the C5a antagonist L-156,602, 4) the immunosuppressant IC101, 5) the oxytocin antagonist L-156,373, 6) and the matylastantin type-IV collagenase inhibitors. [7][8][9] There are several reports [10][11][12][13] about the synthesis of the racemic Piz. However, these reports have indicated some obstacles still to be overcome; the aza Diels-Alder (DA) reaction for the construction of the pyridazine framework has a low yield, and the N-deprotection was done under strict basic conditions. Recently, Hale and co-workers 14,15) described the enantioselective synthesis of the (3R)-and (3S)-piperazic acids by the electrophilic hydrazination of a chiral oxazorizinone derivative. More recently, Hamada and co-workers reported two synthetic methods for optically active piperazic acids by the use of a proline-catalyzed asymmetric a-hydrazination 16) and the titanium tetrachloride-mediated aza DA reaction. 17) Although (3S,5S)-5-HO-Piz was also prepared, the methodology for the preparation of these compounds requires multiple steps, which is not practical. In this report, we describe three new findings for the synthesis of the Piz derivatives; (1) the shortstep convenient synthesis of Piz, (2) the practical preparation of the 5-hydroxy and 5-chloro Piz, and (3) the (R)-and (S)-Piz enantioselective synthesis.
Results and DiscussionConvenient Synthesis of Piperidazine-3-carboxylic Acids In order to prepare the pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid derivative, the DA reaction using the 1,3-diene and azodicarboxylate was carried out. The hetero DA reaction between the di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (4) and the 1,3-dienes (1, 2), which have an electron withdrawing group, such as a methoxycarbonyl or cyano group, produced the 1,2-di-tertbutyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazine-1,2-carboxylate adducts (5, 6) in 47 and 40% yields, respectively. In contrast, a similar reaction of the azodicarboxylate (4) with methoxy-1,3-diene (3), which has an electron donating group, gave the 3-methoxypyridazine (7) in almost quantitative yield (Chart 1).18) Therefore, we examined the transformation of the methoxy group in the 3-methoxypyridazine (7) into the cyano group for preparation of the subtitled compounds. We have described the smooth conversion of the methoxy group of the DA adducts into the dimethylphosphono group by treatment with trimethylphosphite in the presence of a Lewis acid. [18][19][20] The treatment of the methoxy DA adduct (7) with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of BF 3 · OEt 2 as a Lewis acid at Ϫ40°C in dry CH 2 Cl 2 gave the 3-cyano-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazine (6) in 94% yield via the acyliminium cation intermediate. When TiCl 4 was used in this cyanation reaction, the 3-cyanopyrid...