2002
DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2002.205.01.28
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Acid deposition and the deterioration of stone: a brief review of a broad topic

Abstract: The causes of stone deterioration due to acid deposition are examined, with specific reference made to important research on this subject from the past thirty years. The major topics covered include: dry deposition of atmospheric pollutants, the primary agent of acid deterioration of stone in urban areas; wet deposition, commonly referred to as acid rain; and major deterioration mechanisms. Key factors are dry deposition of gaseous pollutants such as SO2 and NOx, the nature of the stone, including texture and … Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(48 citation statements)
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“…The dry deposition of airborne particles also includes calcium-rich aerosols, which therefore play their part in calcium import (Charola and Ware 2002). The total suspended particulate (TSP) matter is to be differentiated into PM10 and PM2.5 not only based on size, but also to differences in source, amount of emission, and physical and chemical behavior (Kainka et al 1997).…”
Section: Sulfur and Calcium Sourcesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The dry deposition of airborne particles also includes calcium-rich aerosols, which therefore play their part in calcium import (Charola and Ware 2002). The total suspended particulate (TSP) matter is to be differentiated into PM10 and PM2.5 not only based on size, but also to differences in source, amount of emission, and physical and chemical behavior (Kainka et al 1997).…”
Section: Sulfur and Calcium Sourcesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Dust and soot particles-especially when containing hygroscopic salts-can serve as condensation nuclei for droplets and thus provide sufficient moisture for further reactions (Charola and Ware 2002;Moroni and Poli 2000). Higher content of metallic compounds in the PM of industrial environments and higher concentration of carbonaceous particles enhance the SO 4 2-formation on stone surfaces (Charola and Ware 2002;Zappia et al 1998). Metals are mentioned to act as catalysts for the oxidation of SO 2 into SO 4 2-.…”
Section: Sulfur and Calcium Sourcesmentioning
confidence: 99%
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