Acid leaching of mixed spent Li-ion batteries

Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid

“…Almost all combined processes with leaching 6 using strong acid (e.g. HCl, H 2 SO 4 , and HNO 3 ) and chemical precipitation or solvent extraction are well sophisticated to recover cobalt and lithium [21][22][23][24]. For instance, hybrochloric acid (HCl) was adopt to dissolve the cathode material, and then the leaching solution would be precipitated using NaOH, NaC 2 O 4 , or Na 2 CO 3 to achieve the recovered product such as Co(OH) 2 , CoC 2 O 4 , and CoCO 3 [22,25,26].…”

A closed-loop process for recycling LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps of lithium-ion batteries: Process optimization and kinetics analysis

“…Hence, the leaching rates of Ni, Co, Mn and Li were all enhanced as the content of H 2 O 2 was 4 vol.%. A further increase of H 2 O 2 did not show any promoting effect because of the accelerated decomposition of H 2 O 2 with high concentration at above 60°C [11,25].…”

“…Since sufficient TCA (i.e. H + ) was available to react with the cathode scraps, the leaching rates of metals increased with the decrease on the S/L ratio [25,38]. However, higher S/L ratio is practically required to obtain a higher processing throughput [12,16], which will definitely result in lower leaching rates.…”

“…5 the leaching rates of metals at 30 min all decreased slightly as the temperature increased from 70°C to 80°C. This can be ascribed to the extensive decomposition of H 2 O 2 at temperatures higher than 60°C [11,25,44].…”

“…Leaching kinetics is also an important factor in industrial application as it is closely related to the treatment capacity and cost. However, only a few studies investigated the leaching kinetics of spent LIBs [19,[24][25][26]. In these studies, various kinetic models were employed.…”