Acid mine drainage potential of waste rocks in a gold mine (Thailand): application of a weathering cell test and multivariate statistical analysis

Charuseiam, Yaowaluck; Chotpantarat, Srilert; Sutthirat, Chakkaphan

doi:10.1007/s10653-021-00976-1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Based on mineral assemblages, the massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide waste rocks, mainly containing sulfide minerals, may generate AMD due to an oxidizing reaction (Marescotti et al, 2009;Parbhakar-Fox et al, 2014;Parbhakar-Fox et al, 2011) which has been confirmed by previous studies such as on acid-base accounting (ABA) and weathering cell methods (Charuseiam, 2012;Charuseiam et al, 2013;Das et al, 2008;ERIC, 2012). Consequently, the massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide waste rocks are classified as potential acid forming (PAF).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Consequently, the massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide waste rocks are classified as potential acid forming (PAF). On the other hand, the gossan, skarn and clastic rocks are classified as non-acid forming (NAF) (Charuseiam, 2012;Charuseiam et al, 2013;ERIC, 2012). Moreover, the present study indicates that the massive sulfide rocks contain high SO 3 content, which is compatible with total S ranging from 18.8% to 34.5% (ERIC, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of waste rocks and tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand: application for environmental impact protection

Assawincharoenkij

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Gold mining activities have raised seriously concern on environment and health in the local communities, particularly in the northeastern Thailand. Although, gold mines in Thailand have been operated longer than decade, potentials of acid mine drainage (AMD) generation and toxic element releasing have not been investigated in detail. Various mining wastes may contain hazardous elements such as arsenic, lead, zinc, cadmium and cyanide. These elements may be released under AMD environment. Therefore, AMD is a severe environmental impact which often occurs in metal sulfide mines including gold mine. Mine wastes (i.e. tailings and waste rocks) from the study area in the northeastern Thailand are collected and investigated. Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of these mine wastes were carried out using microscope, XRD, Raman, FTIR, EPMA, XRF and ICP-MS. The tailing samples can be divided into upper gray tailings and lower ocher tailings. The upper gray tailings mainly contain sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite, pyrite ± chalcopyrite) and silicate minerals; consequently, they are defined as potential acid forming (PAF). On the other hand, the lower ocher tailings mainly contain goethite, quartz, chlorite, muscovite, calcite and hematite with minor pyrrhotite which they are classified as non-acid forming (NAF). However, the lower ocher tailings contain high contents of As (238–2870 mg kg-1), Cu (750–2608 mg kg-1) and Pb (10–1506 mg kg-1). Regarding to the waste rocks, they are characterized by sandstone, siltstone, gossan, skarn, skarn-sulfide, massive sulfide, diorite and limestone/marble. Among these rocks, the massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide rocks mainly consist of pyrrhotite, pyrite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite that are actual source of AMD. Moreover, the gossan rocks are composed of As (334–810 mg kg-1), Cu (500–7500 mg kg-1) and Zn (45–350 mg kg-1), which they can be used as a natural adsorbent (under controlled oxidizing condition and pH > 2) with high potential for remediation of As and Cu contamination within the surrounding areas. In conclusions, the upper tailings and the massive sulfide/skarn-sulfide rocks have potential of AMD generation whereas the lower tailings and gossan waste rock contain high contents of toxic elements. These toxic elements are unstable under acid drainage and they may be released into the environment. Therefore, the tailing storage is recommended to be covered to prevent the oxidizing processes of the upper tailings. For the waste rock dumping sites, particularly sulfide and transition dumps containing massive sulfide and skarn-sulfide rocks, they should also be cover by layer of compacted clay after the mine closure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of waste rocks and tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand: application for environmental impact protection

Assawincharoenkij

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“…Zinc probably precipitated into all the cells. Zn immobilization is due to the ion exchange and complexation mechanisms; it results in the formation of Zn-containing phosphates [54]. The variation curves for lead concentration in all leachates indicated a descending trend from an initial concentration of (0.80 to 0.012 mg/L for C1), (0.71 to 0.013 mg/L for C2), (0.80 to 0.01 mg/L for C3), (0.82 to 0.01 mg/L for C4) and (0.85 to 0.015 mg/L for C5) (Fig.…”

Section: B Kinetic Tests In Mini Weathering Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Amendments for the Inhibition of Acid Mine Drainage Generated from Sidi Kamber Tailings Facility

Merchichi

Hamou

Benzaazoua

et al. 2022

ENPESJ

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The aims of this paper was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphates product and by-products from the Djebel Onk mine for the control of acidic mine drainage generated by exposure of Sidi Kamber mine tailings to climatic conditions. Kinetic tests in humidity cells were carried out according to the modified ASTM standard, was used to invistigate the geochemical behaviour of the Sidi Kamber tailings mixed with phosphate materials (phosphatic limestone wastes, raw low grade phosphate ore and phosphate mine tailings) after being characterized. All amendment compositions led to an increase of the pH of the leachate from approximately 3 to circum-neutral values. Humidity cells experiments indicated that the materials were adequate to immobilize Pb, Zn, Cu and Fe by about 99% and prevent their release through the tailings. The tests have also shown that the metals concentrations within the leachate are lower than the limits allowed by Algerian legislation for industrial liquid effluents. Among the tested material amendments, PLW was more effective than other products in immobilizing metals. The results are most probably related to their Ca-carbonate content and/or adsorption capacity.

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“…Moreover, if leakage occurs in the mining and surrounding areas, it causes contamination by a variety of heavy metals, including As, Mn, Cu, Pb, and Cd [ 4 ]. Furthermore, the research report by Boonsrang et al [ 5 ] and Charuseiam et al [ 6 ], who studied and analysed the contamination from the leaching of waste rocks in the mine area, found that the leachate contained As, Mn, and Cu concentrations exceeding the surface water quality standards in Thailand. Therefore, if wastewater is contaminated with heavy metals, it can affect human health and other organisms in water sources [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency of sodium phytate in the remediation of As, Mn, and Cu contamination in acid mine drainage using water hyacinth

Guayjarernpanishk,

Sampanpanish

2024

Heliyon

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Acid mine drainage potential of waste rocks in a gold mine (Thailand): application of a weathering cell test and multivariate statistical analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of waste rocks and tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand: application for environmental impact protection

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of waste rocks and tailings from a gold mine in northeastern Thailand: application for environmental impact protection

Phosphate Amendments for the Inhibition of Acid Mine Drainage Generated from Sidi Kamber Tailings Facility

Efficiency of sodium phytate in the remediation of As, Mn, and Cu contamination in acid mine drainage using water hyacinth

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