Acid-Promoted Selective Oxidation of Methane to Formic Acid over Dispersed Rhodium Catalysts under Mild Conditions

Abstract

Direct oxidation of methane into value-added liquid chemicals is a promising route for wide applications. However, the efficient conversion of methane with high selectivity under mild conditions is still challenging. Herein, the catalysts of rhodium dispersed on ZSM-5 were synthesized for the methane conversion utilizing molecular O2 as the oxidant together with CO and H2O under a total pressure of 40 bar at <100 °C. Moreover, the conversion of methane and the selectivity of formic acid could be improved by increasing acidity over the Rh/ZSM-5 catalysts. Promoted by H+, the activities of methane oxidation can reach 3.56 molHCOOH/molRh/h and 23.96 molHCOOH/molRh/h at 50 and 90 °C over the 5.0Rh/H-ZSM-5 catalyst, and the selectivity of HCOOH of 98.48% to all organic oxygenates can be acquired at 90 °C. Dramatically, the activation of the C–H bond can even happen at room temperature. Electron paramagnetic resonance results showed that acidity can promote the generation of ·OH with CO, H2O, and O2 as the reactants, resulting in high catalytic activity under mild conditions.

Plasmon-Driven Selective Methane Oxidation to Formic Acid at Ambient Conditions

“…It is important to note that the selectivity for HCOOH remained consistent, even under conditions of heightened CH 4 conversion. This observation contrasts with the prevailing trend, in which CH 4 ORs often entail a trade-off between CH 4 conversion and the preferential production of oxygenated products. , …”

Investigating the Metal–TiO2 Influence for Highly Selective Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol

“…The current industrial process for converting methane to methanol follows an indirect route, involving syngas formation at high temperatures (>700 °C) and subsequent alcohol conversion under high pressures (>10 atm). − While effective, this method is energy-intensive and costly. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop direct pathways for converting methane into methanol, particularly under mild reaction conditions. − …”

Enabling direct oxidation of ethane to acetaldehyde with oxygen using supported PdO nanoparticles

“…S15, ESI†), suggesting that H 2 O 2 is directly formed from CO and O 2 in the aqueous medium by our Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst, rather than being generated by the reaction between O 2 and the H 2 (formed by the water gas shift reaction of CO and H 2 O). 21,22 In comparison to metallic Pd, PdO in Pd/ZSM-5 exhibits notably higher H 2 O 2 productivity (315 μmol g cat −1 h −1 for 3.0% Pd/ZSM-5, and 75 μmol g cat −1 h −1 for 3.0% Pd/ZSM-5-H 2 ) (Fig. 4b), suggesting that PdO possesses superior ability to generate H 2 O 2 using CO and O 2 as reactants in aqueous medium.…”