Acid Rain Deposition Modulates Photosynthesis, Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Activities in Tomato

Phosphite Application Alleviates Pythophthora infestans by Modulation of Photosynthetic and Physio-Biochemical Metabolites in Potato Leaves

“…The involvements of phytoalexin and phenolics in response to Phi were documented in various studies [51]. Flavonoids, as ROS, are damaged by tracing radicals as a leading contributor to potato and tomato plant in the face of environmental degradation [23,52]. In current research, we found that total concentration of flavonoids in potato leaves were increased in KPhi treated samples.…”

“…Plant antioxidant defenses, oxidative enzymes productions, have expanded with aerobic alteration to balance oxidative damage caused by ROS. Protective enzymes included catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and various molecules including glutathione, proline, ascorbate and carotenoid (Car) have non-enzymatic protection functions [19,20,[23][24][25][26]. Other reports [27,28] have shown that Phi usage decreased assembly of H 2 O 2 in plant fresh tissues.…”

Exogenous Melatonin Improves Fruit Quality Features, Health Promoting Antioxidant Compounds and Yield Traits in Tomato Fruits under Acid Rain Stress

“…To examine the impact of exogenous melatonin in fruit quality attributes, health promoting key antioxidant compounds and yield of tomatoes against SAR-stress condition, tomato plants at fifth true leaf stage were sprayed by SAR of pH 2.5 and pH 5.6 for alternating days at 4:00 p.m. up to fruit set stage, while SAR of pH 5.6 were used as a control [ 20 ]. Simulated acid rain of pH 2.5 and 5.6 were prepared by using sulfuric acid and nitric acid in accordance to our previous experiments [ 20 ].…”

“…To examine the impact of exogenous melatonin in fruit quality attributes, health promoting key antioxidant compounds and yield of tomatoes against SAR-stress condition, tomato plants at fifth true leaf stage were sprayed by SAR of pH 2.5 and pH 5.6 for alternating days at 4:00 p.m. up to fruit set stage, while SAR of pH 5.6 were used as a control [ 20 ]. Simulated acid rain of pH 2.5 and 5.6 were prepared by using sulfuric acid and nitric acid in accordance to our previous experiments [ 20 ]. To perceive the influence of exogenous melatonin in fruits of control and stressed plants, 100 µM melatonin was sprinkled in leaves of both control and SAR-stressed plants based on previous research findings [ 29 ] for every three days up to fruit set stage.…”

“…Moreover, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) molecules inhibited the physiological and developmental aspects in SAR stressed plants as categorized by the increasing membrane damage (lipid peroxidation), degrading the soluble proteins, carbohydrates, and pigment components such as chlorophylls and/or carotenoids contents [ 17 , 18 ]. In plants, the different antioxidant activities have been found higher in simulated acid rain stress condition to prevent accumulation of toxic ROS and membrane damage compared with control plants [ 19 , 20 ]. Usually, the effects of acid rain on biochemical processes may be detected much earlier than visible injuries and noticeable changes in growth and yield since the later become apparent only after exposure to relatively long periods.…”