Acid rain: Threshold of leaf damage in eight plant species from a Southern Appalachian forest succession

Haines, Bruce L.; Stefani, Marcia A.; Hendrix, F. F.

doi:10.1007/bf00291852

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Haines, Stefani & Hendrix, 1980;Neufeld, Jernstedt & Haines, 1985;Jacobsen et al, 1987). The lesions are initially microscopic, so the actual thresholds for damage are higher than visual injury indicates (Adams, Dengler & Hutchinson, 1984 Hutchinson, Adams & Gaber (1986) and found that acid surface droplet neutralization by foliage was greater over acidinduced lesions than over intact tissue, implying that lesions are sites of enhanced cation efflux.…”

Section: Evidence For Leaf Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH and plant nutrient status on ion fluxes between tomato plants and simulated acid mists

Foster

1990

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYDiffusion along concentration gradients, ion exchange, active uptake, and physical damage are possible mechanisms causing fluxes of ions between plant tissues and acidified moisture on plant surfaces. The temporal patterns of ion fluxes during individual wetting events should vary in a predictable manner in relation to moisture pH, plant nutritional status, and the operational mechanism. Tomatoes {Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown hydroponically at relative nutrient addition rates (/?J of 7, 12, and 15% per day. At similar growth stages, the plants were exposed to HCl-acidified mists of pH 2-5, 4-0, or 5-6 for 4 h, or left unmisted as controls. Whole-plant throughfall was analysed for pH and ion concentrations after 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. Surface chemical contamination was minimized by pre-rinsing with deionized water. Except for H+ during the first 15-30 min, all ions showed efflux for the duration of the mistings. Effluxes were low (< 150/*equiv m""^ h"^), time-invariant, and unrelated to R^ at mist pH of 4-0 and 5-6. At pH 2-5, effluxes of K+, Mg2+, NOg", and PO/-increased over time, while Ca^+ efflux increased during the first hour, then remained constant. Maximum efflux (105 to 730 /*equiv m'^ h^^) mostly occurred at pH 2-5 and R^ = 17 % d'S increasing in the order NH/ = SO/" < NOf < PO/~ < Ca^+ = Mg2+ < K+ < H+. These results suggested that although ion diffusion and ion exchange contributed to observed effluxes, an additional mechanism, temporally accumulating physical damage to cuticles and cell membranes below a threshold pH between 4 0 and 2-5, was involved. Foliar concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg did not differ significantly among treatments, but ion effluxes into pH 2-5 mists removed 1-13 % of the wholeplant element contents, with the largest removal for Ca.

show abstract

Section: Evidence For Leaf Damagementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH and plant nutrient status on ion fluxes between tomato plants and simulated acid mists

Foster

1990

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, visible injuries to conifers that are the result of acid rain (or mist) are known to appear when the precipitation pH declined to below the pH 3 level (HAINES et al 1980;BYTNEROWICZ and GRULKE 1992;KOHNO et al 1994;BERRANG et al Fig. Generally, visible injuries to conifers that are the result of acid rain (or mist) are known to appear when the precipitation pH declined to below the pH 3 level (HAINES et al 1980;BYTNEROWICZ and GRULKE 1992;KOHNO et al 1994;BERRANG et al Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of long‐term exposure to simulated acid rain on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Asai

Futai

2001

Forest Pathology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To elucidate the synergetic effects of acid rain on the development of pine wilt disease, we measured the sap¯ow rate in the stems and the chlorophyll content in the needles of 10-year-old Japanese black pine trees, Pinus thunbergii and 12-year-old Japanese red pine trees, Pinus densi¯ora, after exposure to simulated acid rain (SAR, pH 3) or tap water (TW, pH 6.3) as a control. The heat pulse method was used for the estimation of the sap¯ow rate. No apparent difference was found in the sap¯ow rate between the trees exposed to SAR and TW, but the chlorophyll content of needles at the end of the treatment was signi®cantly higher in the trees exposed to SAR than in those exposed to TW. When the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, was inoculated onto the Japanese black pines that had been exposed to SAR repeatedly for 1 year, the period to death was shortened. Japanese red pines that had been exposed to SAR for 2 years, however, did not show any development of symptoms after the nematode inoculation, suggesting that acid rain only affects pine wilt disease slightly, if at all.

show abstract

“…The relatively high rate of nutrient leaching from the leaves was attributed to the wettability of adaxial leaf surfaces (Haines et al 1985b) (see Section 11). Tissue necrosis resulted from exposure to pH levels below 2.5 (Haines et al 1980). …”

Section: Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2012. The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 729Á746.Erechtites hieraciifolius, American burnweed, is a herbaceous annual in the Asteraceae native to forest zones of eastern North America, but introduced to parts of Europe and the Pacific region. Confusion sometimes arises in distinguishing it from other weedy rayless composites in Canada, such as Senecio vulgaris (common groundsel) and Conyza canadensis (Canada fleabane). A pioneer therophyte species of forest zones, it occurs in large numbers when associated with major disturbances such as forest fires, but is also common in areas of smaller scale disturbance such as shores, forest edges and wind-throws. Soil conditions may vary greatly in nutrient content, moisture content, pH and salinity. In Canada, it is generally considered a minor garden and agricultural weed. It is most common in crops such as lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), strawberry (Fragaria)ananassa) and vegetable crops; however, it occasionally occurs in other field and forage crops. Impacts include a variety of problems contributing to increased production costs or crop yield losses, including herbicide resistance, resource competition, and as a reservoir harbouring crop pathogens. It has been valued as a medicinal herb for treating a variety of ailments. Populations may grow rapidly in response to disturbances typical of managed landscapes, but E. hieraciifolius can usually be effectively controlled by chemical, cultural or manual weed control tactics.Darbyshire, S. J., Francis, A., DiTommaso, A. et Clements, D. R. 2012. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 729Á746. L'e´rechtite a`feuilles d'e´pervie`re (Erechtites hieraciifolius) est une herbace´e annuelle de la famille des Aste´race´es indige`ne aux re´gions forestie`res de l'est de l'Ame´rique du Nord, mais qui a e´te´introduite dans certaines parties de l'Europe et du Pacifique. On la confond parfois a`d'autres adventices a`rayons courts de la famille des Compose´es qui poussent au Canada tels le se´nec¸on vulgaire (Senecio vulgaris) et la vergette du Canada (Conyza canadensis). Espe`ce pionnie`re the´rophyte, on en retrouve de grand peuplements aux endroits qui ont subi de profondes perturbations comme un feu de foreˆt, cependant l'espe`ce colonise souvent des zones plus restreintes comme les rivages, la lisie`re des boise´s et les chablis. Les conditions du sol peuvent varier conside´rablement quant a`la concentration d'e´le´ments nutritifs, la teneur en eau, le pH et la salinite´. Au Canada, on la conside`re ge´ne´ralement comme une adventice secondaire dans les jardins et les champs. L'e´rechtite a`feuilles d'e´pervie`re se rencontre le plus souvent dans les cultures comme le bleuet nain (Vaccinium spp.), la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarpon), la fraise (Fragaria)ananassa) et les plantes maraıˆche`res, cependant, on la de´couvre a`l'occasion dans d'autres grandes ...

show abstract

Acid rain: Threshold of leaf damage in eight plant species from a Southern Appalachian forest succession

Cited by 54 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of pH and plant nutrient status on ion fluxes between tomato plants and simulated acid mists

Influence of pH and plant nutrient status on ion fluxes between tomato plants and simulated acid mists

The effects of long‐term exposure to simulated acid rain on the development of pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The Biology of Canadian weeds. 150 Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. ex DC.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About