Acid-Sensing Ion Channels: The Role in Higher Order Brain Functions

Abstract

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are ionotropic receptors that generate an inward cationic current in response to a relatively rapid drop in extracellular pH. They were found in the membranes of neurons and glial cells. In the peripheral nervous system, ASICs are involved, in particular, in nociception. More intriguing is the role of these channels in the functioning of the central nervous system. They are widely expressed in brain regions involved in systemic, integrative functions. This review is devoted to the role of ASICs in the implementation of higher-order information processing like emotional regulation, fear extinction, spatial memory, and different forms of learning.