Acid soil tolerance of 28 soybean varieties in hydroponics and soil-based evaluation

Abstract

Utilization of marginal soil plays important role in improving soybean production in Indonesia. Soybean breeding program targeting high yielding varieties and tolerant to acid soils is estimated to be more cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach in improving plant productivity on acid soil. The aim of this research was to study plant response under acid soil stress and to identify tolerant and sensitive genotype which might be useful for further breeding program. The experiment was conducted using 28 soybean varieties as genetic material. The experiment was carried out in two parts, including seedling evaluation in hydroponics and plant growth evaluation in polybag using acid soil. The first experiment was arranged in factorial randomized block design, consisting of genotype, pH, and AlCl3 treatment as the factors with 5 replications. The second experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with 5 replications to identify the plant growth in different genotype and acid soil conditions. The results showed that the low pH and high Al inhibits seedlings root growth of soybean genotypes. The estimation of STI from root and shoot dry weight suggests Detam 1 as the most tolerant genotype followed by other varieties with lower level of tolerance. Plant response was different each genotype to both seedling evaluation in hydroponics and plant growth evaluation using acid soil.

Nutrient Profile and In Vitro Digestibility of Thirty Indonesian Soybean Genotypes Grown at Two Different Soil pH for Selection as Ruminant Feed

“…Furthermore, we wanted to identify soybean genotypes that are acid tolerant and produce good nutritional content. In a preliminary study, Puspitasari et al (2021) reported that soil with pH 4.0 would result in shorter plants, and fewer branches and nodes compared to pH 5.4 (p < 0.05). In contrast, Nadeem et al (2019) reported that acidic soils (6.0 and 5.1) could enhanced forage production (38% and 39%, respectively) of soybean compared to soil of pH 6.8.…”

“…However, there are several soybean genotypes that are tolerant of Al toxicity and can maintain nutritional quality (Kang et al, 2011). Demas 1 was released as a genotype tolerant of acid soil and experimental results for soybean yields strengthen the view of Demas 1 as tolerant genotype (Puspitasari et al, 2021).…”

“…The challenge of soybean cultivation in Indonesia is the variation in agroecosystems, especially in some marginal areas. Marginal land in Indonesia consists of acid, saline, dry, and peat areas that have physical and chemical properties unfavorable for plant growth (Puspitasari et al, 2021). Opportunities for soybean development in areas of acid soil are extensive both because of soybean's ability to grow in acid conditions and because of the large area of acid land available (Kuswantoro, 2016).…”

“…In light of these problems, an initial screening of Indonesian soybean genotypes is needed to identify varieties that deliver good nutrient composition when cultivated in acid soils. Puspitasari et al (2021) reported that soybean genetic diversity adaptive to acid soils remains limited. The Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI) has developed soybean genotypes that are tolerant of acid soils, namely Tanggamus and Demas 1.…”