Acidity and mineral composition of precipitation in Moscow: Influence of deicing salts

Еремина, И. Д.; Aloyan, A. E.; Arutyunyan, V. O.; Larin, I. K.; Чубарова, Н. Э.; Yermakov, A. N.

doi:10.1134/s0001433815050047

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An additional source of alkalizing agents in snow cover is marble chips, which is a commonly used DIS in Moscow [75]. On the contrary, chloride DISs can slightly reduce the pH of precipitation and snow due to the formation of gaseous HCl, ClNO 2 , and Cl 2 as a result of the reaction of NaCl with gaseous HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , N 2 O 5 , and ClONO 2 [76].…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties and Macrocomposition Of Snow Meltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow

et al. 2020

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Concentrations and ratio of dissolved and suspended forms of metals and metalloids (MMs) in snow cover and their deposition rates from the atmosphere in the western part of Moscow were studied. Forms of MMs were separated using a filter with pore diameter of 0.45 μm; their concentrations were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. Anthropogenic impact in Moscow caused a significant increase in dust load (2–7 times), concentration of solid particles in snow cover (2–5 times), and mineralization of snow meltwater (5–18 times) compared to the background level. Urban snow contains Sn, Ti, Bi, Al, W, Fe, Pb, V, Cr, Rb, Mo, Mn, As, Co, Cu, Ba, Sb, Mg mainly in suspended form, and Ca and Na in dissolved form. The role of suspended MMs in the city significantly increases compared to the background region due to high dust load, usage of de-icing salts, and the change of acidic background conditions to alkaline ones. Anthropogenic emissions are the main sources of suspended Ca, W, Co, V, Sr, Ti, Mg, Na, Mo, Zn, Fe, Sb, and Cu in the snow cover of traffic zone. These elements’ concentrations in roadside snow cover exceed the background values more than 25 times. The highest concentrations and deposition rates of MMs in the snow of Moscow are localized near the large and medium roads.

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Section: Physicochemical Properties and Macrocomposition Of Snow Meltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow

et al. 2020

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“…In the second period, the content of sodium ion increased from 0.4 to 0.9 mg /L. Apparently, this is due to the active use of anti-icing reagents, the main components of which are chloride and sodium ions (Eremina et al 2015). Anti-icing reagents in Moscow are used not only on the roads, but also in parks, so the short distance aeolian transport of their components is possible.…”

Section: Gesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition of Snow Cover in Moscow

Еремина

Vasil’chuk

2019

GES

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This article summarizes the data of the chemical composition and the acidity of the seasonal snow precipitation for the cold periods 1999-2006 (n=180), 2010-2013 (n=82) and 2018-2019 (n=18) in different parts of Moscow. Major ions content was measured, such as SO42-, НСO3-, Cl-, NO3-, Са2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+, also pH and sum of ions (mg/L) were measured. During the 2018-2019 season, snowpack samples were taken twice at 4 sites in Moscow: two in the North-East Administrative Okrug (NEAO) near the road and in the park at the distance of 3 km from each other, and two in the South- Western Administrative Okrug (SWAO) and in the Western Administrative Okrug (WAO) near the road and in the park at the distance of 6 km from each other. Samples were taken with a break of 5 days to determine the dynamics of the chemical composition within the beginning of the snow-melting. In each pair of sampling sites there was one that is located in the park and one located near the road. This experiment showed a slight variability of the chemical composition of snow during 5 days under the influence of the new snowfall. In general, there is a trend of changing the composition of snow from calcium carbonate to calcium chloride, which is mainly connected to the use of anti-icing reagents; for the same reason, the areas that are closer to the roads are the most polluted.

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“…The largest r s values are typical for B, K, Mn, and Rb (r s 0.66-0.63), as well as Co, Ba, Bi, Cd, Sb, S, and Zn (0.58-0.51). Due to the acidifying effect of industrial and thermal power plants emissions (e.g., on account of sulfate-ion formation as a result of a chemical reaction of emitted sulfur dioxide and water in the atmosphere), vehicle emissions (e.g., nitrateion formation as a result of chemical reactions of emitted nitrogen oxides and water), and also deicing chloride reagents (Eremina et al 2015), a decrease in the rainwater pH is accompanied by an increase in the wet deposition of Pb (r s = -0.70), Fe (-0.68), and Cr (-0.57), as well as Be, Na, Al, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, and W (Table 2, Fig. 6).…”

Section: Sources Of Ptes In Rainwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Variations In Wet Deposition And Washout Rates Of Potentially Toxic Elements In Moscow During Spring Season

Власов

Еремина

Shinkareva

et al. 2021

GES

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For the first time, the wet deposition and washout rates of soluble forms of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were estimated in rains during the spring AeroRadCity experiment in Moscow. Rains are an important factor in reducing atmospheric pollution with PTEs in Moscow. Due to the resuspension of contaminated particles of road dust and urban soils, industrial and traffic impact, waste and biomass burning, rainwater is highly enriched in Sb, Pb, Se, Cd, and S, and less enriched in P, Ba, As, W, Mn, Sn, Na, Co, Ni, and Be. Significant wet deposition (μg/m2 per event) and washout rates (μg/m2 per hour) of PTEs were revealed during the public holidays in May which corresponded to the elevated aerosol content due to predominant air advection from southern and south-western regions in this period. During continuous rains, the level of PTEs wet deposition sharply decreases on the second and subsequent days due to the active below-cloud washout of aerosols during the initial precipitation events. We show that the length of the dry period and aerosol content before the onset of rain determines the amount of solid particles in rainwater, which leads to an increase in rainwater pH, and strongly affects wet deposition and washout rates of PTEs of mainly anthropogenic origin (W, Zn, Bi, Cd, Sb, Ni, B, S, K, and Cu). At the same time rainfall intensity contributes to an increase in wet deposition and washout rates of Se, As, B, Cu, Sb, S, Cd, Ba, Rb, and K. The obtained results provide a better understanding of atmospheric deposition processes and can be useful in assessing the urban environmental quality.

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Acidity and mineral composition of precipitation in Moscow: Influence of deicing salts

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow

Dissolved and Suspended Forms of Metals and Metalloids in Snow Cover of Megacity: Partitioning and Deposition Rates in Western Moscow

Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition of Snow Cover in Moscow

Daily Variations In Wet Deposition And Washout Rates Of Potentially Toxic Elements In Moscow During Spring Season

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