Acidity of Aerosols during Winter Heavy Haze Events in Beijing and Gucheng, China

Chi, Xiaowei; He, Pengzhen; Jiang, Zhuocheng; Yu, Xiangyao; Yue, Fange; Wang, Longquan; Li, Bokun; Kang, Hui; Liu, Cheng; Xie, Zhouqing

doi:10.1007/s13351-018-7063-4

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The observed data indicate that Gucheng is a relatively polluted rural area with high levels of gaseous and particle pollutants. It was reported that the daily mean concentration of PM 2.5 reached a maximum of 394 µg m −3 , and only 8% of daily PM 2.5 concentrations were lower than the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS, GB3095-2012) for daily PM 2.5 of 75 µg m −3 from December 2016 to January 2017 [16]. Studies related to source appointment of trace elements in PM 2.5 at Gucheng are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NCP is a densely populated region with intensive agricultural and industrial activities. Several studies have measured atmosphere pollutants at Gucheng [14][15][16][17], a rural site in the core area of the NCP, and have shown that this site is ideally situated for monitoring the atmospheric pollution levels in the NCP and has favorable regional representativeness. The observed data indicate that Gucheng is a relatively polluted rural area with high levels of gaseous and particle pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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An intensive sampling of PM 2.5 was conducted at a rural site (Gucheng) in the North China Plain from 22 October to 23 November 2016. A total of 25 elements (Al, Na, Cl, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Cd, Ba, Pb, and Sb) from PM 2.5 filter samples collected daily were measured using a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Cl, S, and K were the most abundant elements, with average concentrations of 2077.66 ng m −3 (range 118.88-4638.96 ng m −3 ), 1748.78 ng m −3 (range 276.67-4335.59 ng m −3 ), and 1287.07 ng m −3 (range 254.90-2748.63 ng m −3 ), respectively. Among noncrustal trace metal elements, the concentration of Zn was the highest, with an average of 397.74 ng m −3 (range 36.45-1602.96 ng m −3 ), followed by Sb and Pb, on average, of 299.20 ng m −3 and 184.52 ng m −3 , respectively. The morphologies of PM 2.5 samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The shape of the particles was predominantly spherical, chain-like, and irregular. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that soil dust, following by industry, secondary formation, vehicle emissions, biomass and waste burning, and coal combustion, were the main sources of PM 2.5 . The results of cluster, potential source contribution function, and concentration weighted trajectory analyses suggested that local emissions from Hebei Province, as well as regional transport from Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, and Shanxi Province, and long-range transport from Inner Mongolia, were the main contributors to PM 2.5 pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Atmosphere

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“…Particulate air pollution is attracting more and more concern in China because of its obvious adverse impact on visibility reduction, as well as health implications and regional or global climate change (Kanakidou et al, 2005;Pope and Dockery, 2006;Cheng et al, 2016). Carbonaceous species, i.e., organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble inorganic ions, e.g., SO 2− 4 , NO − 3 and NH + 4 , are the major components of ambient aerosols (Liang et al, 2017;Du et al, 2014;Zheng et al, 2015;Tan et al, 2016). Biomass burning (BB) emissions constitute a large source of ambient particulate pollution, especially for carbonaceous components, i.e., primary organic carbon (POC) and black carbon (BC) on a global scale (Bond et al, 2004;Tang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement report: Chemical characteristics of PM2.5 during typical biomass burning season at an agricultural site of the North China Plain

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Biomass burning activities are ubiquitous in China, especially in northern China, where there is a large rural population and winter heating custom. Biomass burning tracers (i.e., levoglucosan, mannosan and potassium (K+)), as well as other chemical components, were quantified at a rural site (Gucheng, GC) in northern China from 15 October to 30 November, during a transition heating season, when the field burning of agricultural residue was becoming intense. The measured daily average concentrations of levoglucosan, mannosan and K+ in PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 2.5 µm) during this study were 0.79 ± 0.75, 0.03 ± 0.03 and 1.52 ± 0.62 µg m−3, respectively. Carbonaceous components and biomass burning tracers showed higher levels during nighttime than daytime, while secondary inorganic ions were enhanced during daytime. An episode with high levels of biomass burning tracers was encountered at the end of October 2016, with high levoglucosan at 4.37 µg m−3. Based on the comparison of chemical components during different biomass burning pollution periods, it appeared that biomass combustion can obviously elevate carbonaceous component levels, whereas there was essentially no effect on secondary inorganic aerosols in the ambient air. Moreover, the levoglucosan / mannosan ratios during different biomass burning pollution periods remained at high values (in the range of 18.3–24.9); however, the levoglucosan / K+ ratio was significantly elevated during the intensive biomass burning pollution period (1.67) when air temperatures were decreasing, which was substantially higher than in other biomass burning periods (averaged at 0.47).

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“…NOx emissions have increased as a result of industrialization and an increase in the number of vehicles. Similarly, Chi et al, (2018) also found NO 3 concentrations exceeded those of SO 4 2at both Beijing and GC sites during the winter time in 2016, although they observed that NH 4 + was the dominant component of SNA (the concentrations of SO 4 2− , NO 3 − and NH 4 + were 14.0 μg m -3 ,…”

Section: Characteristics Of Chemical Components In Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This site is upwind of Beijing, when the wind blows from the south or southwest, where heavily polluted cities and regions of Hebei province, i.e., Baoding, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, Handan, are located. Thus, it is an appropriate station for representing the air pollution situation in the NCP region (Sheng et al, 2018;Chi et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019;Kuang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of PM2.5: Impact of biomass burning at an agricultural site of the North China Plain during a season of transition

Liang

Engling

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) activities are ubiquitous in China, especially in North China, where there is an enormous rural population and winter heating custom. In order to better understand their impacts on aerosol chemical characteristics in rural and agricultural areas of the North China Plain, BB tracers (i.e., levoglucosan (LG), mannosan (MN) and potassium (K+)), as well as other chemical components were quantified at a rural site (Gucheng, GC) from 15 October to 30 November, during a transition heating season, when the field burning of agricultural residues was becoming intense. The measured daily average PM2.5 concentrations of LG, MN and K+ during this study were 0.79&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.75&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3, 0.03&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.03&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3 and 1.52&#8201;&#177;&#8201;0.62&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3. Due to the planetary boundary layer development, carbonaceous components and BB tracers showed higher levels at nighttime than daytime, while OM and secondary inorganic ions were enhanced during daytime, likely due to enhanced photochemical activity. An episode with high levels of BB tracers was encountered at the end of October, 2016, with high LG at 4.37&#8201;&#956;g&#8201;m&#8722;3. Based on the comparison of chemical components during different BB periods, it appeared that biomass combustion can obviously elevate carbonaceous components levels, whereas there seems to be essentially no effect on secondary inorganic ions in the ambient air. Moreover, the LG&#8201;/&#8201;MN ratios in different BB periods were consistent, while the LG&#8201;/&#8201;K+ ratio during intensive BB periods was significantly elevated at times, with K+ not increasing as much as LG during intensive BB episodes. This indicated that there were other sources of K+ in the study region, such as fireworks, fertilizer use, or soil resuspension, which don't have variable contributions of K+ during the intensive BB periods; however, local soft wood and vegetation combustion can't be excluded, which have efficient formation of levoglucosan during flaming fires.

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Acidity of Aerosols during Winter Heavy Haze Events in Beijing and Gucheng, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Measurement report: Chemical characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> during typical biomass burning season at an agricultural site of the North China Plain

Chemical characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub>: Impact of biomass burning at an agricultural site of the North China Plain during a season of transition

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Acidity of Aerosols during Winter Heavy Haze Events in Beijing and Gucheng, China

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Source Identification of Trace Elements in PM2.5 at a Rural Site in the North China Plain

Measurement report: Chemical characteristics of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; during typical biomass burning season at an agricultural site of the North China Plain

Chemical characteristics of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;: Impact of biomass burning at an agricultural site of the North China Plain during a season of transition

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Measurement report: Chemical characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub> during typical biomass burning season at an agricultural site of the North China Plain

Chemical characteristics of PM<sub>2.5</sub>: Impact of biomass burning at an agricultural site of the North China Plain during a season of transition