Acoustic and Ferro- and Antiferroelectric Properties near Phase Transition Temperatures of Modified PbZr_xTi_1-xO₃-based Ceramics

Abstract

By using the strong-field scheme, we have calculated all the reduced matrix elements and the matrix elements of the trigonal crystal field and all the matrix elements of the spinorbit interaction for the d 3 electronic configuration: The complete energy matrix of the d configuration in trigonal Held has been constructed. This matrix has been diagonalized to fit the experimental optical and microwave spectral data of ruby. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, the zero-field splitting S of the ground state and the splitting between Ri and R 2 lines agree very well with the experimental results. The assignments of all the energy levels and the rates of change of the levels with respect to various parameters are given. The contributions from various parameters to 6 and the splitting between R\ and R 2 lines are aiso giveji.

Effect of acceptor and donor dopants on ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of lead zirconate titanate ceramics

“…The factors influencing the vacancy distribution in PLZT ceramics are (i) Zr:Ti ratio, (ii) La concentration and (iii) PbO partial pressure. Thus, several properties of lanthanum-modified PZT depend on the type of substitutions [6,7], ionic concentrations [1][2][3] and the synthesis techniques, e.g. high-energy ball milling [8], sol-gel [9], sintering and processing methods.…”

“…In general, hard PZTs are difficult to pole and usually have less pronounced piezoelectric characteristics. Conversely, soft PZTs are easy to pole and usually have more pronounced piezoelectric characteristics [7]. Doping of transition metals (Mn, Fe and Al) in the PLZT system, especially the defect structure due to the incorporation, has been thoroughly studied by Hardtl [5].…”

Temperature dependence of electromechanical properties of PLZT x/57/43 ceramics

“…Earlier studies revealed that the ceramic compositions having high piezoelectric strain can find their applications in emerging areas of micromechatronics, such as in camera installed cellular phones for auto focusing, cooling module for fuel cell power supply in laptops, optical fibre alignment, robotics, artificial fertilization system, micro pumps, drug delivery systems, ultrasonic distillations, injection valves and energy harvesting (Haertling 1999;Uchino 2008). The various compositions of PLZTs have shown excellent electromechanical properties that suited for such applications (Haertling 1999;Shukla et al 2004) and so, the functional properties of PLZTs have been extensively studied (Ochiai et al 1998;Bobnar et al 1999;Paik et al 1999;Kamba et al 2000;Volkov et al 2003;Tang et al 2007;Chen et al 2008). However, there has not been much systematic study of the temperature dependence of electromechanical properties of PLZT.…”