Acoustic and seismic signals of heavy military vehicles for co-operative verification

Calculation of ground vibration spectra from heavy military vehicles

“…• Forces exerted to the ground as a result of wheel motion over ground disturbances or track (tyre) periodic irregularities [4,7].…”

“…More recently though, they have been investigated also for the purposes of remote detection and monitoring of heavy military vehicles [3][4][5][6]. In particular, the roles of generated ground vibration spectra (also termed as seismic signatures) have been studied experimentally in the framework of the so-called Bochum Verification Project (BVP) [3,4]. This project was one of the first academic investigations into this topic that was open for participation of scientists from several European countries, USA and Russia.…”

“…A well-orchestrated network of sensors could provide gap-free monitoring, detecting suspicious activity and alerting a common control centre. The typical distance between sensors in the network is defined by typical Rayleigh wave propagation distance at these frequencies, which is around 100 m (see [3,4]). This form of monitoring would prove less intrusive than a permanent human presence, and providing the systems are cost-effective, would demonstrate substantial financial benefit.…”

“…Unlike works of other researchers, who employed either experimental methods [3,4] or purely numerical approaches [5,6], the present paper adopts mainly analytical techniques in order to describe the dynamic motion of typical heavy vehicles and to determine the forces applied from vehicles to the ground surface. These forces are then used for derivation of analytical expressions for generated ground vibrations, predominantly Rayleigh surface waves, using…”

Acoustic-Seismic Detection of Ballistic-Missile Launches for Cooperative Early Warning of Nuclear Attack

“…The acoustic amplitude decreases with 1/r. 64 Tracked vehicles are not expected in the vicinity of ICBM silos (except maybe in case of civil war). Their seismic signals are quasi-periodic due to the engine sound coupling into the ground and the wheels rolling over the track elements.…”