2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-5629(00)00262-3
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Acoustic droplet vaporization for therapeutic and diagnostic applications

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Cited by 536 publications
(667 citation statements)
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“…The DDFP droplet is stabilized in a superheated state by an albumin shell. In vitro studies have elucidated the values of parameters (such as pulse length, pulse amplitude, presence of nucleation sites) for controlling ADV (Kripfgans et al, 2000;Giesecke and Hynynen, 2003;Kripfgans et al, 2004;Lo et al, 2007). Of these, it has also been found that the vaporization threshold decreases with increasing insonification frequency for short insonification pulses.…”
Section: Introduction and Literaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…The DDFP droplet is stabilized in a superheated state by an albumin shell. In vitro studies have elucidated the values of parameters (such as pulse length, pulse amplitude, presence of nucleation sites) for controlling ADV (Kripfgans et al, 2000;Giesecke and Hynynen, 2003;Kripfgans et al, 2004;Lo et al, 2007). Of these, it has also been found that the vaporization threshold decreases with increasing insonification frequency for short insonification pulses.…”
Section: Introduction and Literaturementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, owing to their size ( > 1 µm), microbubble effects are limited to within the vascular system. The invention of phase shift perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquid droplets and acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) provided a method to solve both these problems 25,26 . Liquid droplets of PFCs, often stabilized with albumin, lipids or polymers, provide a long circulating, triggerable contrast agent.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has been known for more than 15 years beginning with a literature by Apfel, who described that a technically designed PFC nanoparticles can transform into microbubbles in the condition of the application of acoustic waves [32]. The name "acoustic droplet vaporization" was given in 2000 by Kripfgans [8]. From then award, ADV has been profoundly investigated in the group works of Michigan University with albumin coated perfluoropentane (PFP) nanoparticles, which illustrated substantially applications PFC nanoparticles with ADV in terms of drug delivery, thrombolysis, and gas embolism, etc.…”
Section: The Machanism Of Vaporization In Pfc Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the poor quality on imaging and diagnosing of ultrasonography seriously retards further development of its abilities on the detection of diseases in the early stages, particularly for diagnosing tumors. Fortunately, the microbubbles as a contrast agent (CA) have dramatically enhanced diagnostic capabilities of ultrasonography due to their high acoustic impedance for considerable improvement in echogenic properties [6][7][8][9]. But the relatively large size of microbubbles (typically two to ten micrometers) does not permit successful extravasation into tumor tissues as a result of the fact that the largest pores existing in the microcirculations of tumors are no more than 700 nanometers [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%