Acoustic Ejection/Full-Scan Mass Spectrometry Analysis for High-Throughput Compound Quality Control

High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry for Hit Identification: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives

“…50 Termed ADE-OPI-MS, this approach has been used for various drug discovery assays, including HTS, 51 high-throughput ADME, 52 bioanalysis, 51 synthetic medicinal chemistry, 53 and compound quality control (QC). 54 The OPI acts as a bridge carrying acoustically ejected droplets to a standard electrospray ionization–mass spectrometer. 55 In contrast to AMI, this system utilizes conventional ADE with precisely controlled nanoliter volume droplets, as commercialized in Echo and ATS systems for compound management.…”

Acoustic Ejection Mass Spectrometry: A Fully Automatable Technology for High-Throughput Screening in Drug Discovery

“…25,26 The concept has recently been investigated by different groups for applicability in the fields of bioanalysis, HTS, parallel organic synthesis, and compound quality control. 27–30 Technical modifications on a prototype system resulted in analytical throughputs of 3 samples/s tracking a single analyte and up to 6 samples/s for different analytes measured from adjacent wells. 31 However, reports to date are limited to small-scale feasibility studies, and a demonstration of HTS capability related to system robustness and automation is still elusive.…”

An ultrafast and flexible liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system paves the way for machine learning driven in vivo sample processing in early drug discovery

“…RapidFire (RF) systems provide a medium‐throughput capacity with cycle times of 7–20 s, including a quick solid‐phase enrichment/cleanup step 1–6 or in BLAZE‐mode 2.5 s via direct injection 7 . Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) MS with a sample throughput of up to 0.4 s/sample 8–11 and acoustic droplet ejection open port interface (ADE‐OPI) MS with up to 6 samples/s are pushing the speed limits even further 12–15 …”

“…7 Matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS with a sample throughput of up to 0.4 s/sample [8][9][10][11] and acoustic droplet ejection open port interface (ADE-OPI) MS with up to 6 samples/s are pushing the speed limits even further. [12][13][14][15] Over the years, the RF-based initial Rapid and Integrated Analysis System (RIAS) was proven to be suitable for measuring samples from in vitro studies. 5,6 Reaching further, we aimed to transfer this technical setup to the measurement of samples from in vivo studies, albeit slower chromatographic steps were still often required as standard procedures.…”