Acoustic emission-based assessment of weld effects on the health monitoring of the rail section: an experimental study

Abstract

Railways are a vital lifeline for both passengers and freight, with an extensive network connected by robust welded joints. This study explores the potential of Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques in rail health monitoring, particularly in the context of Indian rail sections and their relationship with welds. While AE-based health monitoring has gained attention, a significant gap exists in understanding welds' influence. This research bridges this gap by examining the interplay between welds and health monitoring. Welds introduce complexities in AE wave propagation, crucial for precise health assessments. Through artificial AE source simulation using the Pencil Lead Break (PLB) method across diverse rail segments, specialized sensors capture AE signals. Rigorous analysis, involving signal processing and statistical methods, reveals how welds impact AE wave behaviour and health assessment accuracy. Importantly, this research underscores how welds alter AE wave propagation, ensuring accurate health evaluations. This study's insights hold far-reaching implications, not only for enhancing current rail system maintenance but also for advancing our understanding of the critical interrelationship between welds and health monitoring, thus contributing to the longevity and reliability of rail systems.

A comprehensive review on health monitoring of joints in steel structures

“…By utilizing AE techniques, they measured changes in wave mode, including energy, count, and amplitude, which were employed as parameters for detecting damage [118]. Pal et al presented an AE-based SHM technique for the identification of weld damage in rails [119].…”