Acoustic emission-based damage characterization of 70 MPa type IV hydrogen composite pressure vessels during hydraulic tests

Abstract

This paper aims to apply an acoustic emission (AE) method to characterize the damage mechanisms of composite hydrogen pressure vessels (Type IV) with a service pressure of 70 MPa. First, AE signals were captured during the multi-step loading of two vessels.Second, AE feature parameters in time-domain and frequency-domain analyses such as amplitude, frequency, and energy were studied. A multi-parameter statistical analysis (MPSA) method based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and K-means algorithm was performed to cluster AE events. Intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) were decomposed by EMD and three IMFs with high frequency were chosen to reconstruct the feature parameters and provide signal pre-processing for K-means clustering analysis. Based on the relationship between AE features and the damage modes, three main clusters with distinguished amplitude, absolute energy, and energy were correlated to matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, and fiber breakage. Besides, the effectiveness of MPSA method for signal classification is validated by principal component analysis (PCA) and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) methods. Finally, the AE parameters of the damages modes, such as amplitude and counts to peak, were studied for both the hydraulic proof test and the burst test. This allows the determination of the changes in the damage mechanisms with increasing pressure. Results show that AE method can be reliably used to characterize the mechanisms of burst damage in composite pressure vessels.

The initiation and progression of damage in composite overwrapped pressure vessels subjected to contact loads

“…The fibers were used to measure strains in several thicknesses of the composite layup and could also be used to detect damage after impact by analyzing the backscattered light. Liao et al 11 used acoustic emission to recognize failure during hydraulic testing. A relation was found between the emitted sound and the corresponding failure event.…”

Experiment, simulation, optimization design, and damage detection of composite shell of hydrogen storage vessel-A review

“…Therefore, the damage detection of composite shell is very important for the safety of CHPHSV. 40 The damage detection methods are summarized in Table 7. In Table 7, the FF denotes fiber failure.…”

“…Three different failure modes, that is, matrix cracking, fiber matrix interface debonding, and fiber breakage, were identified by the multi-parameter statistical analysis method with the amplitude, energy, and absolute energy of the obtained sound pressure signal. 40 H. Y. Chou et al found that the uncertainty of failure life of composite shell under cyclic loading was related to the randomness of carbon fiber breakage. 55 However, the AE method cannot determine the damage area.…”

“…The results showed that matrix cracking occurred first and then fiber/matrix debonding occurred, finally the fiber breakage occurred which led to the burst. 40 While, delamination and location of failure modes were not studied. M. Nebe et al found that the AE events occurred first in the dome part.…”

Machine learning‐based approach for fatigue crack growth prediction using acoustic emission technique

“…The acoustic emission (AE) technique is now recognized as an important SHM technique and has been used in damage monitoring and evaluation of various engineering structures. 3,14,20,27 The most distinct advantage of the AE technique over traditional NDT methods is that it can realize online monitoring, accurate detection and localization of the damage such as cracks inside the material based on the change in multiple AE characteristic parameters. 8 For exploiting the advantage of AE, numerous studies have been performed to identify crack initiation and characterize the fatigue crack growth phenomenon of various metallic materials and structures.…”