Acoustic emission control avoids fluence shifts caused by target runaway during laser synthesis of colloids

Green nanoparticle synthesis at scale: a perspective on overcoming the limits of pulsed laser ablation in liquids for high-throughput production

“…The system is thus connected to a stepper motor, which can automatically position the ablation chamber based on the received acoustic emission data. 165,167 Based on the comparative study with the UV-Vis spectra, this system shows similar results as shown in Fig. 16b, 165,167 offering a reliable option for the automatic adjustment of the working distance.…”

“…Afterward, the following studies to use acoustic emission not only to monitor the production rate of a PLAL process but also to control the system were performed by another group. 165,167 The system uses a piezoelectric sensor to record the acoustic emission waveforms during the PLAL process and the data is forwarded to a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-based system coupled by Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), which is able to perform an online, real-time processing of the acoustic emission while reducing the noise and accelerating the processing time (Fig. 16a).…”

Room‐Temperature Laser Synthesis in Liquid of Oxide, Metal‐Oxide Core‐Shells, and Doped Oxide Nanoparticles

“…[234,335] Yet, with the laser-based productivity of NPs having been scaled of more than 3-orders of magnitude (from less than mg h À1 to gh À1 )w ithin the last decade, af urther increase is foreseeable. In the future, this increase may be achieved by smarterb eam handlings trategies such as parallel processing, automation measures for target feeding (as target feeding on the multi g/h-scale still presents ab ottleneck)a nd control systems, [34,39,40] as well as commercial high-power,n sa nd ps pulsedl aser systems steadily are getting cheaper year by year. Note that this upper-end productivity limit values are not hinderinga pplication or Te chnology Readiness Level of the method in general.…”

“…[34] This is useful for an even more economic synthesis also for safer synthesis conditions as it minimizes operatorp ermanencei nn earby of the laser beam, flammable solvents or harmful compounds such as radioactivee lements or volatile organic molecules, even when dealingwithnon-toxic oxide NPs. [34] Further developments in the automation of laser synthesis have been recently reported by real-time correlation of NP productivity with acoustic emission energy, [39] as well as temperature in the ablation chamber. [40] 8) Laser synthesis in liquid is al inearly scalablem ethod (productivity linearly scales with both laser power and time, at liquid flow operation), not yet demonstrated for productiono f kilogramso fN Ps or more.…”

Electrophoretic deposited gold nanoparticle thin film on silver substrate

“…In addition, the size, morphology and structure of the resultant materials can be controlled by varying different parameters like laser wavelength, fluency and pulse width, aqueous ablation environment and liquid environment temperature [12][13][14][15]. Recently, several mechanisms have been introduced to increase the efficiency of the production of PLA [16,17].…”