This chapter is divided into three parts; the problem, possible solutions and the chosen option to address the problem, which is my PhD topic within the project MAREWINT. So firstly, the chapter presents an overview of the typical damages that a wind turbine blade can suffer during its life operation. Then, a review of different Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques which are currently being investigated for wind turbine blades is presented. Finally, the chapter provides the state-of-the-art of Guided Wave Technology in composite materials; where different aspects of this SHM technique are explained in more detail.
IntroductionWind energy is an important renewable energy source which has gained high relevance during the last decades. Different countries have released plans to invest in wind energy in the future years; such as the USA that will generate 20 % of the country's electricity from wind power by 2030 or Denmark that have set the targets of producing 50 % of the power from the wind by 2020 and also of making Denmark completely free of dependence on fossil fuels by 2050. So, the use of wind power is not expected to decrease within the next decade (Márquez et al. 2012). The trend is to manufacture bigger wind turbines and deploy them offshore. These new wind turbines have around 6 MW power output, 120-metre height tower and 80-metre long blades. They are designed to be operating in rough conditions in difficult-to-reach areas. Therefore, the deployment of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) techniques becomes essential in order to assess remotely the integrity of the structure. The advantages of using these techniques are many (Schulz and Sundaresan 2006), such as reducing expensive costs for periodic inspections of turbines which are hard to reach, prevention of unnecessary replacement of components based on time of use, or minimizing down time and frequency of sudden breakdowns.