As we have seen in previous chapters, the increasing miniaturisation and cost reduction of sensors, circuits and wireless communication components is creating new possibilities for networks of wireless sensors, in wearable and other applications. However, in order for sensors to be wireless, or untethered, this requires not only wireless communication to and from the nodes, but also wireless powering. Batteries, of course, provide this capability in the great majority of portable electronic devices, and thus are the obvious solution also for the wireless sensor node application. However, their need for replacement or recharging introduces a cost and convenience penalty which is already undesirable in larger devices, and is becoming increasingly unacceptable for sensor nodes as the number of these (their ubiquity) grows. As an alternative, therefore, sources which harvest energy from the environment are very attractive. At the same time, the power demands of many electronic functions, wireless communication being a particularly important example in this context, are continuously falling. Although this lightens the demands for batteries, it also makes alternatives based on energy harvesting look more and more realistic.Where batteries can power a sensor node for its whole expected lifetime without maintenance, and without dominating the node cost or weight, this is likely to remain the favoured solution in most cases, although even there, energy harvesting methods have advantages to offer. The materials required in batteries are often toxic or environmentally unfriendly, adding to the burden of both bio-compatibility for implanted use and to the end-of-life disposal. Where a lifetime beyond what a battery can provide is needed, the "eternal" nature of the harvesting supply clearly becomes particularly favourable.