Acoustic-Frequency Vibratory Stimulation Regulates the Balance between Osteogenesis and Adipogenesis of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Osteoporosis can be associated with the disordered balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). Although low-frequency mechanical vibration has been demonstrated to promote osteogenesis, little is known about the influence of acoustic-frequency vibratory stimulation (AFVS). BM-MSCs were subjected to AFVS at frequencies of 0, 30, 400, and 800 Hz and induced toward osteogenic or adipogenic-specific lineage. Extracellular matrix mineralization was determined by Alizarin Red S staining and lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining. Transcript levels of osteogenic and adipogenic marker genes were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cell proliferation of BM-MSCs was promoted following exposure to AFVS at 800 Hz. Vibration at 800 Hz induced the highest level of calcium deposition and significantly increased mRNA expression of COL1A1, ALP, RUNX2, and SPP1. The 800 Hz group downregulated lipid accumulation and levels of adipogenic genes, including FABP4, CEBPA, PPARG, and LEP, while vibration at 30 Hz supported adipogenesis. BM-MSCs showed a frequency-dependent response to acoustic vibration. AFVS at 800 Hz was the most favorable for osteogenic differentiation and simultaneously suppressed adipogenesis. Thus, acoustic vibration could potentially become a novel means to prevent and treat osteoporosis.

The extracellular microscape governs mesenchymal stem cell fate

“…To investigate these ends, intermittent shear stress and cyclic hydrostatic pressure have been shown to elicit mechanosensitive gene profiles in MSCs and further work has shown enhanced production of bone ECM using pulsatile versus fixed hydrostatic shear flow [112, 113]. Interestingly, high acoustic frequencies will also guide MSCs toward osteogenesis and spare the adipogenic induction seen at lower frequencies [114], and larger three-dimensional pore size will elicit more osteogenic differentiation [111]. Analogous to earlier lessons unveiled by Brietbach et al, endocardial valve ossification has been observed when MSCs encounter the required inductive mechanical stress [9, 115].…”

Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet‐Rich Plasma on the Bone Healing of Ovariectomized Rats

“…These molecules are often used as markers in the evaluation of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo [13]. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR γ 2) has been described as an adipocyte-specific marker [14]. Thus, these markers can be used in monitoring the balance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis of BMSCs in vivo .…”

Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with plumbagin alleviates spinal cord injury by affecting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotis and the activation of the Nrf2 pathway

“…Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow which are derived from the mesoderm; they can self-proliferate and are capable of multi-directional differentiation (3). A BMSC is a type of adult pluripotent stem cell, isolated and cultured from the bone marrow, which can be found in different species such as chickens, rats, rabbits, dogs and other animals as well as humans (4).…”