Acoustic impedance measurement on normal ears of children.

Okabe, Kaoru; Tanaka, Sachiko; Hamada, Hiroyuki; Miura, Tanetoshi; Funai, Hiroaki

doi:10.1250/ast.9.287

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While this is only a 5 dB effect, it helps make the point that maturation of DPOAEs due to ear-canal and middle-ear development continues in infants older than 6 months. This is consistent with the reports that ear-canal and middle-ear functioning, as assessed by acoustic reflectance and impedance measurements, is not yet adult-like at age 24 months (Keefe et al 1993), and ear-canal impedance is not yet adult-like even at age 11 years (Okabe et al 1988). It may be that the remaining maturation after age 11 years and through puberty is related to increases in ear-canal area and the distance from the probe-tip location from the tympanic membrane (which might involve both area and ear-canal length changes), but more study in older children is needed.…”

Section: Discussion a Maturational Effectssupporting

confidence: 92%

Theory of forward and reverse middle-ear transmission applied to otoacoustic emissions in infant and adult ears

Keefe

Abdala

2007

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The purpose of this study is to understand why otoacoustic emission (OAE) levels are higher in normal-hearing human infants relative to adults. In a previous study, distortion product (DP) OAE input/output (I/O) functions were shown to differ at f 2 =6 kHz in adults compared to infants through 6 months of age. These DPOAE I/O functions were used to noninvasively assess immaturities in forward/reverse transmission through the ear canal and middle ear [Abdala, C., and Keefe, D. H., (2006). J. Acoust Soc. Am. 120, [3832][3833][3834][3835][3836][3837][3838][3839][3840][3841][3842]. In the present study, ear-canal reflectance and DPOAEs measured in the same ears were analyzed using a scattering-matrix model of forward and reverse transmission in the ear canal, middle ear, and cochlea. Reflectance measurements were sensitive to frequency-dependent effects of ear-canal and middle-ear transmission that differed across OAE type and subject age. Results indicated that DPOAE levels were larger in infants mainly because the reverse middle-ear transmittance level varied with ear-canal area, which differed by more than a factor of 7 between term infants and adults. The forward middle-ear transmittance level was −16 dB less in infants, so that the conductive efficiency was poorer in infants than adults.

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Section: Discussion a Maturational Effectssupporting

confidence: 92%

Theory of forward and reverse middle-ear transmission applied to otoacoustic emissions in infant and adult ears

Keefe

Abdala

2007

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Absolute sensitivity to low frequencies remains about 20 dB poorer than in adults and matures slowly during the remainder of infancy and into childhood. Maturation of the middle ear is probably responsible for this long slow developmental course for absolute sensitivity (Okabe, Tanaka, Hamada, Miura, & Funai, 1988).…”

Section: Increasing Specificity and Discovering Details In Complex Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues in human auditory development

Werner

2007

Journal of Communication Disorders

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The human auditory system is often portrayed as precocious in its development. In fact, many aspects of basic auditory processing appear to be adult-like by the middle of the first year of postnatal life. However, processes such as attention and sound source determination take much longer to develop. Immaturity of higher-level processes limits the processing of both simple and complex sounds by infants and children. Young listeners with impaired hearing may be at a particular disadvantage, in that they must make sense of sounds on the basis of a degraded representation using immature perceptual strategies.Learning outcomes-(1) Readers will be able to describe three stages of human auditory development. (2) Readers will be able to describe how experience with sound is important in auditory development. (3) Readers will be able to describe the role of attention and other higher-level processes in early audition.

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“…These differences may be due to age-dependent growth of the cross-sectional area of the ear canal. Admittance is not yet mature at age 11 years (Okabe et al, 1988). Energy reflectance shows mixed age effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distortion product otoacoustic emission suppression tuning and acoustic admittance in human infants: Birth through 6 months

Abdala

Keefe

Oba

2007

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Previous work has reported non-adultlike distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) suppression in human newborns at f 2 =6000 Hz, indicating an immaturity in peripheral auditory function. In this study, DPOAE suppression tuning curves (STCs) were recorded as a measure of cochlear function and acoustic admittance/reflectance (YR) in the ear canal recorded as a measure of middle-ear function, in the same 20 infants at birth and through 6 months of age. DPOAE STCs changed little from birth through 6 months, showing excessively narrow and sharp tuning throughout the test period. In contrast, several middle-ear indices at corresponding frequencies shifted systematically with increasing age, although they also remained non-adultlike at 6 months. Linear correlations were conducted between YR and DPOAE suppression features. Only two correlations out of 76 were significant, and all but three YR variables accounted for <10% of the variance in DPOAE suppression tuning. The strongest correlation was noted between admittance phase at 5700 . The association between middle-ear variables and DPOAE suppression may be stronger during other developmental time periods. Study of older infants and children is needed to fully define postnatal immaturity of human peripheral auditory function.

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Acoustic impedance measurement on normal ears of children.

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Theory of forward and reverse middle-ear transmission applied to otoacoustic emissions in infant and adult ears

Theory of forward and reverse middle-ear transmission applied to otoacoustic emissions in infant and adult ears

Issues in human auditory development

Distortion product otoacoustic emission suppression tuning and acoustic admittance in human infants: Birth through 6 months

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